“Zeeman effect”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Zeeman effect

Physics

The splitting of the lines in a spectrum when the source of the spectrum is exposed to a magnetic field. It was discovered in 1897 by the Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman (1865–1943). In the normal Zeeman effect a single line is split into three if the field is perpendicular to the light path or two lines if the field is parallel to the light path. This effect can be explained by classical electromagnetic principles in terms of the speeding up and slowing down of electrons in atoms due to the applied field and in terms of the old quantum theory of Bohr and Sommerfeld. The anomalous Zeeman effect is a complicated splitting of the lines into several closely spaced lines, so called because it does not agree with classical predictions or the old quantum theory. This effect is explained by quantum mechanics in terms of electron spin.

https://www.nature.com/physics/looking-back/zeeman/index.html Pieter Zeeman’s paper in Nature (1897)

Astronomy

The splitting of a spectral line due to a magnetic field. It is named after the Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman (1865–1943). The Zeeman effect is widely used for determining magnetic fields in astronomical objects, notably the Sun. However, field strengths are often insufficient to cause actual line splitting (sunspot fields, of about 0.4 tesla, are an exception); instead, line broadening occurs. The strengths of weak fields can be deduced by measuring the polarization of each line wing, which is the principle of the solar magnetograph, an instrument for measuring magnetic fields.

Chemistry

The splitting of the lines in a spectrum when the source of the spectrum is exposed to a magnetic field. It was discovered in 1896 by Pieter Zeeman (1865–1943). In the normal Zeeman effect a single line is split into three if the field is perpendicular to the light path or two lines if the field is parallel to the light path. This effect can be explained by classical electrodynamics in terms of the speeding up and slowing down of orbital electrons in the source as a result of the applied field. It has also been explained in terms of the Bohr theory and quantum mechanics. The anomalous Zeeman effect is a complicated splitting of the lines into several closely spaced lines, so called because it does not agree with classical predictions. This effect is explained by quantum mechanics in terms of electron spin. See also Paschen–Back effect.
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1902/zeeman/lecture/ Nobel lecture by Pieter Zeeman after receiving the Nobel Prize for physics, 1902

单词	Zeeman effect
释义	Zeeman effect Physics The splitting of the lines in a spectrum when the source of the spectrum is exposed to a magnetic field. It was discovered in 1897 by the Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman (1865–1943). In the normal Zeeman effect a single line is split into three if the field is perpendicular to the light path or two lines if the field is parallel to the light path. This effect can be explained by classical electromagnetic principles in terms of the speeding up and slowing down of electrons in atoms due to the applied field and in terms of the old quantum theory of Bohr and Sommerfeld. The anomalous Zeeman effect is a complicated splitting of the lines into several closely spaced lines, so called because it does not agree with classical predictions or the old quantum theory. This effect is explained by quantum mechanics in terms of electron spin. https://www.nature.com/physics/looking-back/zeeman/index.html Pieter Zeeman’s paper in Nature (1897) Astronomy The splitting of a spectral line due to a magnetic field. It is named after the Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman (1865–1943). The Zeeman effect is widely used for determining magnetic fields in astronomical objects, notably the Sun. However, field strengths are often insufficient to cause actual line splitting (sunspot fields, of about 0.4 tesla, are an exception); instead, line broadening occurs. The strengths of weak fields can be deduced by measuring the polarization of each line wing, which is the principle of the solar magnetograph, an instrument for measuring magnetic fields. Chemistry The splitting of the lines in a spectrum when the source of the spectrum is exposed to a magnetic field. It was discovered in 1896 by Pieter Zeeman (1865–1943). In the normal Zeeman effect a single line is split into three if the field is perpendicular to the light path or two lines if the field is parallel to the light path. This effect can be explained by classical electrodynamics in terms of the speeding up and slowing down of orbital electrons in the source as a result of the applied field. It has also been explained in terms of the Bohr theory and quantum mechanics. The anomalous Zeeman effect is a complicated splitting of the lines into several closely spaced lines, so called because it does not agree with classical predictions. This effect is explained by quantum mechanics in terms of electron spin. See also Paschen–Back effect. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1902/zeeman/lecture/ Nobel lecture by Pieter Zeeman after receiving the Nobel Prize for physics, 1902
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