A number of types of low trees and shrubs, growing on mud flats in tropical coastal areas where the tidal range is slight. Mangroves are significant agents of progradation along tropical coasts, and are especially well developed in South and East Asia. See Saintilan and Williams (1999) Glob. Ecol. & Biogeog. 8, 2. Concedda et al. (2011) AAAG 101, 6, 1259 report an increase in the area of mangrove swamps in Senegal, but a decline in the capacity of these mangrove forests to provide key ecosystem goods and services.