The slow, downslope movement of water-saturated debris in periglacial regions and other areas with cold climates. Rates of movement may be 0.9 cm yr⁻¹ on gentle slopes, 12–25 cm yr⁻¹ on steeper slopes. Temperature is the most important factor controlling morphometry of solifluction landforms, explaining about 22% of the variability (Ridefelt (no date) ISSN 1650–6553, 70). Solifluction may develop in areas without permafrost; winter freezing of the sub-surface layer may be sufficient (Matsuoka (2001) Earth-Sci. Revs 55, 1–2). Solifluction terraces are step-like, linear, patterned-ground formations, made of fine-grained material (Walsh et al. (2003) Geomorph. 55, 381). Heights and widths are about 1 m, and, with very fluid material, terraces show rough bedding (tumultuous bedding). Solifluction lobes are bulges in the slope profile that do not break the surface (Matsumoto and Ishikawa (2002) Geografiska A 84, 3–4). The major environmental controls on solifluction lobes are gradient and soil moisture (Ridefelt and Boelhouwers (2006) Perm. & Periglac. Procs 17).