Let y = f(x) be the graph of a function f such that f′ is continuous on [a, b]. The length of the arc, or arc length, of the curve y = f(x) between x = a and x = b equals
Parametric form
For the curve x = x(t), y = y(t) (t ∈ [α, β]), the arc length equals
Polar form
For the curve r = r(θ) (α ≤ θ ≤ β), the arc length equals