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单词 intelligence
释义
intelligence

Biology
  • The coordination of memory, learning, and reasoning in animals. Intelligence has also been defined as the ability of an animal to form associative links between events or objects of which it has had no previous experience (see insight learning). In humans intelligence can be expressed as an intelligence quotient (IQ): the mental age of the subject (as measured by standard tests) divided by his or her real age×100. Psychologists have identified different types of intelligence, such as analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence. Certainly, a high IQ score does not necessarily reflect prowess in other areas such as creativity, empathy, or sociability.


Philosophy
  • Most generally, the capacity to deal flexibly and effectively with practical and theoretical problems. Since people’s capacities to do this vary with the problem, it may be doubted whether there is a useful level of abstraction at which one thing, intelligence, can be thought of as equally manifested in whatever logical, theoretical, practical, mathematical, linguistic, etc. successes we achieve. Nor is there much confidence left that intelligence tests measure any such general capacity, as opposed to measuring the subject’s capacity to take intelligence tests, often of very specific and culturally peculiar kinds. For the question whether humans alone possess intelligence, see animal thought, instinct.


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