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单词 Hermann–Mauguin system
释义
Hermann–Mauguin system

Physics
  • A notation used to describe the symmetry of point groups. In contrast to the Schoenflies system, which is used for isolated molecules (e.g. in spectroscopy), the Hermann–Mauguin system is used in crystallography. Some of the categories are the same as the Schoenflies system. n is the same group as Cn. nmm is the same group as Cnv. There are two ms because of two distinct types of mirror plane containing the n-fold axis. n22 is the same group as Dn. The other categories do not coincide with the Schoenflies system. is a group with an n-fold rotation–inversion axis and includes C3h as 6¯, S4 as 4¯, S6 as 3¯, and S2 as 1¯. n/m is the same group as Cnh except that C3h is regarded as 6¯. n2m is the same group as Dnd, except that D3h is regarded as 62m. n/m 2/m 2/m, abbreviated to n/mmm, is the same group as Dnh, except that D3h is regarded as 6¯ 2¯m. (Unlike the Schoenflies system, the Hermann–Mauguin system regards the three-fold axis as a special case.) As regards the cubic groups, Oh is denoted m3m (or 4/m 3¯ 2/m), O is denoted 432, Th is denoted m3 (or 2/m 3¯), Td is denoted 4¯3¯m, and T is denoted 23. In the Hermann–Mauguin system all the cubic groups have 3 as the second number because of the three-fold axis that occurs in all cubic groups. It is named after the German crystallographer Carl Hermann (1898–1961) and the French mineralogist Charles-Victor Mauguin (1878–1958), who devised this notation in the late 1920s and early 1930s.


Chemistry
  • A notation used to describe the symmetry of point groups. In contrast to the Schoenflies system, which is used for isolated molecules (e.g. in spectroscopy), the Hermann–Mauguin system is used in crystallography. Some of the categories are the same as the Schoenflies system. n is the same group as Cn. nmm is the same group as Cnv. There are two ms because of two distinct types of mirror plane containing the n-fold axis. n22 is the same group as Dn. The other categories do not coincide with the Schoenflies system. n¯ is a group with an n-fold rotation-inversion axis and includes C3h as 6¯, S4 as 4¯, S6 as 3¯, and S2 as 1¯. n/m is the same group as Cnh except that C3h is regarded as 6¯. n2m is the same group as Dnd, except that D3h is regarded as 62m. n/m 2/m 2/m, abbreviated to n/mmm, is the same group as Dnh, except that D3h is regarded as 6¯2m. (Unlike the Schoenflies system, the Hermann–Mauguin system regards the three-fold axis as a special case.) As regards the cubic groups, Oh is denoted m3m (or 4/m 3¯ 2/m), O is denoted 432, Th is denoted m3 (or 2/m 3¯), Td is denoted 4¯3m, and T is denoted 23. In the Hermann–Mauguin system all the cubic groups have 3 as the second number because of the three-fold axis that occurs in all cubic groups. The system was devised by the German crystallographer Carl Hermann (1898–1961) and the French crystallographer Charles Mauguin (1878–1958) between 1928 and 1931.


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