“ablation”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

ablation

Astronomy

The wearing away of the outer layers of a body by melting, erosion, vaporization, or some other process due to aerodynamic effects as the body moves at high speed through a planetary atmosphere. Ablation can affect natural bodies such as meteoroids, or artificial objects such as spacecraft. Ablation of a spacecraft’s protective heat shield prevents overheating of the spacecraft’s interior during atmospheric entry.

Chemical Engineering

The removal of material by erosion, evaporation, or chemical reaction. For short-term protection against high temperatures as a form of fire protection or fireproofing of process equipment, sacrificial materials are used such that during a fire there is resistance and protection to the equipment beneath for a sufficient period of time.

Geology and Earth Sciences

1. Removal of snow and ice by melting and by direct alteration from the solid to the gaseous phase (sublimation). The rate of loss is controlled chiefly by air temperature, wind velocity, humidity, rainfall, and solar radiation. Ablation on snowfields is also influenced by aspect, depth of snow, and the nature of the underlying surface. Ablation till is the glacial debris that may be released. The ablation zone of a glacier is that area in which losses, including calving, exceed additions.
2. Removal of rock material, especially by wind action.

Geography

Loss of snow and ice from a glacier by sublimation, melting, and evaporation; and from the calving of icebergs, and avalanches. In temperate and subpolar regions melting is the major form of ablation; in the Antarctic, it is calving. The rate of loss varies with air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, insolation, aspect, and the nature of the surface. In snowfields, ablation includes snow removed by the wind, and is affected by aspect, depth of snow, and the nature of the underlying surface.
The ablation sub-system, where annual ablation exceeds annual accumulation, lies between the firn line and the glacier snout. Where ablation occurs at the edges of glaciers, debris accumulates to form ablation moraine/ablation till. An ablation valley is a subsidiary valley formed beneath the crest of a lateral moraine and the valley side. Iturrizaga (2001) Geogr. J. 54 notes that ‘true ablation valleys’ can result from differences in insolation, and may act in the development of lateroglacial moraine valleys.

单词	ablation
释义	ablation Astronomy The wearing away of the outer layers of a body by melting, erosion, vaporization, or some other process due to aerodynamic effects as the body moves at high speed through a planetary atmosphere. Ablation can affect natural bodies such as meteoroids, or artificial objects such as spacecraft. Ablation of a spacecraft’s protective heat shield prevents overheating of the spacecraft’s interior during atmospheric entry. Chemical Engineering The removal of material by erosion, evaporation, or chemical reaction. For short-term protection against high temperatures as a form of fire protection or fireproofing of process equipment, sacrificial materials are used such that during a fire there is resistance and protection to the equipment beneath for a sufficient period of time. Geology and Earth Sciences 1. Removal of snow and ice by melting and by direct alteration from the solid to the gaseous phase (sublimation). The rate of loss is controlled chiefly by air temperature, wind velocity, humidity, rainfall, and solar radiation. Ablation on snowfields is also influenced by aspect, depth of snow, and the nature of the underlying surface. Ablation till is the glacial debris that may be released. The ablation zone of a glacier is that area in which losses, including calving, exceed additions. 2. Removal of rock material, especially by wind action. Geography Loss of snow and ice from a glacier by sublimation, melting, and evaporation; and from the calving of icebergs, and avalanches. In temperate and subpolar regions melting is the major form of ablation; in the Antarctic, it is calving. The rate of loss varies with air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, insolation, aspect, and the nature of the surface. In snowfields, ablation includes snow removed by the wind, and is affected by aspect, depth of snow, and the nature of the underlying surface. The ablation sub-system, where annual ablation exceeds annual accumulation, lies between the firn line and the glacier snout. Where ablation occurs at the edges of glaciers, debris accumulates to form ablation moraine/ablation till. An ablation valley is a subsidiary valley formed beneath the crest of a lateral moraine and the valley side. Iturrizaga (2001) Geogr. J. 54 notes that ‘true ablation valleys’ can result from differences in insolation, and may act in the development of lateroglacial moraine valleys.
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