“Scottish National Party”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Scottish National Party

World History

A Scottish political party, formed in 1934 from a merger of the National Party of Scotland and the Scottish Party. The party gained its first parliamentary seat in 1945 at a by-election in Motherwell. In the October 1974 general election 11 of its candidates won parliamentary seats. In 1979 a referendum in Scotland on a Scottish representative assembly failed to elicit the required majority, and in the 1979 general election all but two of the candidates were defeated. Three were elected in 1987 and in 1992, six in 1997, five in 2001, and six in 2005. The SNP was not initially in favour of the Scottish parliament, but now sees it as a first step to full independence. From 1999 to 2007 it formed the main opposition in the Scottish parliament to the Labour–Liberal Democrat Scottish Executive, However, in the 2007 elections, it obtained one seat more than Labour. This allowed its leader, Alex Salmond, to become First Minister. The SNP minority administration successfully held on to power for the full term of the parliament, marking their maturity as a political party. In the 2011 elections it gained an overall majority. An independence referendum was held in 2014, with the vote in favour, at 45 per cent, falling short of victory by 10 per cent, on a turnout of 84.5 per cent. Immediately afterwards, Salmond announced his resignation as leader of the SNP and as First Minister from November 2014. He was succeeded by his former deputy,Nicola Sturgeon. After the referendum, party membership surged and Sturgeon’s left-of-centre politics drew support away from the Scottish Labour, characterized by the SNP as a ‘Westminster party’. Increased Conservative agitation for ‘English votes for English laws’ only increased the attractiveness of the SNP in Scotland. In the 2015 UK general election, it secured a landslide victory, taking 56 of the 59 Scottish seats, having previously had six MPs. Sturgeon greatly increased her UK stature in the campaign and the party became the third-largest in the UK Parliament . The Scotland Act of 2016 gave the Scottish Parliament much greater control over raising as well as spending revenue. In the Scottish Parliament elections of that year, the SNP just lost their majority and formed a minority administration with the support of the Scottish Greens. In the 2016 EU referendum, the SNP campaigned vigorously in favour of continuing EU membership, and Scotland voted to remain by 62% to 38%, while the UK-wide result was to leave. The SNP-led government immediately began to argue for a special relationship with the EUAnd to demand a second independence referendum; the latter was formally requested by the Scottish parliament in 2017, but rejected by the UK prime minister.

单词	Scottish National Party
释义	Scottish National Party World History A Scottish political party, formed in 1934 from a merger of the National Party of Scotland and the Scottish Party. The party gained its first parliamentary seat in 1945 at a by-election in Motherwell. In the October 1974 general election 11 of its candidates won parliamentary seats. In 1979 a referendum in Scotland on a Scottish representative assembly failed to elicit the required majority, and in the 1979 general election all but two of the candidates were defeated. Three were elected in 1987 and in 1992, six in 1997, five in 2001, and six in 2005. The SNP was not initially in favour of the Scottish parliament, but now sees it as a first step to full independence. From 1999 to 2007 it formed the main opposition in the Scottish parliament to the Labour–Liberal Democrat Scottish Executive, However, in the 2007 elections, it obtained one seat more than Labour. This allowed its leader, Alex Salmond, to become First Minister. The SNP minority administration successfully held on to power for the full term of the parliament, marking their maturity as a political party. In the 2011 elections it gained an overall majority. An independence referendum was held in 2014, with the vote in favour, at 45 per cent, falling short of victory by 10 per cent, on a turnout of 84.5 per cent. Immediately afterwards, Salmond announced his resignation as leader of the SNP and as First Minister from November 2014. He was succeeded by his former deputy,Nicola Sturgeon. After the referendum, party membership surged and Sturgeon’s left-of-centre politics drew support away from the Scottish Labour, characterized by the SNP as a ‘Westminster party’. Increased Conservative agitation for ‘English votes for English laws’ only increased the attractiveness of the SNP in Scotland. In the 2015 UK general election, it secured a landslide victory, taking 56 of the 59 Scottish seats, having previously had six MPs. Sturgeon greatly increased her UK stature in the campaign and the party became the third-largest in the UK Parliament . The Scotland Act of 2016 gave the Scottish Parliament much greater control over raising as well as spending revenue. In the Scottish Parliament elections of that year, the SNP just lost their majority and formed a minority administration with the support of the Scottish Greens. In the 2016 EU referendum, the SNP campaigned vigorously in favour of continuing EU membership, and Scotland voted to remain by 62% to 38%, while the UK-wide result was to leave. The SNP-led government immediately began to argue for a special relationship with the EUAnd to demand a second independence referendum; the latter was formally requested by the Scottish parliament in 2017, but rejected by the UK prime minister.
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