“clay minerals”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

clay minerals

Chemistry

Very small particles, chiefly hydrous silicates of aluminium, sometimes with magnesium and/or iron substituting for all or part of the aluminium, that are the major constituents of clay materials. The particles are essentially crystalline (either platy or fibrous) with a layered structure, but may be amorphous or metalloidal. The clay minerals are responsible for the plastic properties of clay; the particles have the property of being able to hold water. The chief groups of clay minerals are:
kaolinite, Al₄Si₄O₁₀(OH)₈, the chief constituent of kaolin;
halloysite, Al₄Si₄(OH)₈O₁₀.4H₂O;
illite, KAl₄(Si,Al)₈O₁₈.2H₂O;
montmorillonite, (Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂.nH₂O, formed chiefly through alteration of volcanic ash; and
vermiculite, (Mg,Fe,Al)₃(Al,Si)₄O₁₀(OH)₂.4H₂O, used as an insulating material and potting soil.

Geology and Earth Sciences

Members of the phyllosilicates (sheet silicates) with related chemistry, all are hydrous aluminium silicates with layered structure; layers of [SiO₄] tetrahedra of composition [Si₄O₁₀]⁴⁻ are joined to Al-O layers (gibbsite-type layers) or (Mg,Fe)-O layers (brucite-type layers). 1:1 sheet silicates have one Si-O layer coupled to one brucite or gibbsite layer and include the serpentine group and the kaolinite or kandite group of clays; 2:1 sheet silicates have two Si-O layers joined to one brucite or gibbsite layer and include the smectite and illite groups of clays, bentonite and montmorillonite, as well as talc and the mica group; 2:2 sheet silicates have two Si-O layers joined to two brucite or gibbsite layers and include the chlorite group. It is difficult to distinguish clay minerals by hand or under the microscope, so sophisticated techniques of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to determine the precise clay mineral under investigation.

Geography

A group of hydrous aluminium silicates, such as kaolinite, created by intense rock weathering; see Egli et al. (2002) Clay Minerals 37, 2. Clay minerals affect the structure of soils, as they expand when wet (Barshad (1952) Clays & Clay Min. 1).

单词	clay minerals
释义	clay minerals Chemistry Very small particles, chiefly hydrous silicates of aluminium, sometimes with magnesium and/or iron substituting for all or part of the aluminium, that are the major constituents of clay materials. The particles are essentially crystalline (either platy or fibrous) with a layered structure, but may be amorphous or metalloidal. The clay minerals are responsible for the plastic properties of clay; the particles have the property of being able to hold water. The chief groups of clay minerals are: kaolinite, Al₄Si₄O₁₀(OH)₈, the chief constituent of kaolin; halloysite, Al₄Si₄(OH)₈O₁₀.4H₂O; illite, KAl₄(Si,Al)₈O₁₈.2H₂O; montmorillonite, (Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂.nH₂O, formed chiefly through alteration of volcanic ash; and vermiculite, (Mg,Fe,Al)₃(Al,Si)₄O₁₀(OH)₂.4H₂O, used as an insulating material and potting soil. Geology and Earth Sciences Members of the phyllosilicates (sheet silicates) with related chemistry, all are hydrous aluminium silicates with layered structure; layers of [SiO₄] tetrahedra of composition [Si₄O₁₀]⁴⁻ are joined to Al-O layers (gibbsite-type layers) or (Mg,Fe)-O layers (brucite-type layers). 1:1 sheet silicates have one Si-O layer coupled to one brucite or gibbsite layer and include the serpentine group and the kaolinite or kandite group of clays; 2:1 sheet silicates have two Si-O layers joined to one brucite or gibbsite layer and include the smectite and illite groups of clays, bentonite and montmorillonite, as well as talc and the mica group; 2:2 sheet silicates have two Si-O layers joined to two brucite or gibbsite layers and include the chlorite group. It is difficult to distinguish clay minerals by hand or under the microscope, so sophisticated techniques of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to determine the precise clay mineral under investigation. Geography A group of hydrous aluminium silicates, such as kaolinite, created by intense rock weathering; see Egli et al. (2002) Clay Minerals 37, 2. Clay minerals affect the structure of soils, as they expand when wet (Barshad (1952) Clays & Clay Min. 1).
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