“scintillation”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

scintillation

Astronomy

1. The rapid fluctuation in brightness of an astronomical object (‘twinkling’) due to scattering of electromagnetic waves by irregularities in the medium between the source and the observer. It is most pronounced in sources of small angular size, so at optical wavelengths it affects stars more than planets, while at radio wavelengths it affects point sources such as pulsars and quasars. Twinkling of stars at visible wavelengths is caused by convection currents in the atmosphere. Its cause is the same as that of bad seeing. At radio wavelengths, it occurs in the Earth’s ionosphere (ionospheric scintillation), in the solar wind (interplanetary scintillation), and in interstellar matter (interstellar scintillation).

2. A phenomenon in which high-energy particles emit flashes of visible light (scintillations) on collision with atoms in certain materials (scintillators). It is the principle of the scintillation counter used in gamma-ray astronomy.

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

1. A flash of light produced in certain materials (scintillators) when exposed to ionizing radiation. The frequency of the light emitted in the crystal is a function of the energy of the incident radiation. Each incident ionizing event produces one flash.
2. A rapid fluctuation of the image of the target of a radar system about its mean position on the radar display.
3. A small random fluctuation of the received signal in a radio transmission system about the mean signal value. This effect is analogous to the twinkling of light from a star and is caused by small variations in the density of the atmosphere.

单词	scintillation
释义	scintillation Astronomy 1. The rapid fluctuation in brightness of an astronomical object (‘twinkling’) due to scattering of electromagnetic waves by irregularities in the medium between the source and the observer. It is most pronounced in sources of small angular size, so at optical wavelengths it affects stars more than planets, while at radio wavelengths it affects point sources such as pulsars and quasars. Twinkling of stars at visible wavelengths is caused by convection currents in the atmosphere. Its cause is the same as that of bad seeing. At radio wavelengths, it occurs in the Earth’s ionosphere (ionospheric scintillation), in the solar wind (interplanetary scintillation), and in interstellar matter (interstellar scintillation). 2. A phenomenon in which high-energy particles emit flashes of visible light (scintillations) on collision with atoms in certain materials (scintillators). It is the principle of the scintillation counter used in gamma-ray astronomy. Electronics and Electrical Engineering 1. A flash of light produced in certain materials (scintillators) when exposed to ionizing radiation. The frequency of the light emitted in the crystal is a function of the energy of the incident radiation. Each incident ionizing event produces one flash. 2. A rapid fluctuation of the image of the target of a radar system about its mean position on the radar display. 3. A small random fluctuation of the received signal in a radio transmission system about the mean signal value. This effect is analogous to the twinkling of light from a star and is caused by small variations in the density of the atmosphere.
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