A former private US corporation founded in 1982 that specialized in the design, manufacture, and launch of small- and medium-class space and rocket systems for commercial, military, and other government customers from its facility in Dulles, Virginia. It had built and launched more than 90 satellites by 2004. That same year, its Hyper-X rocket launched NASA's X-43A hypersonic research aircraft that broke the aeronautical speed record on 27 March 2004. It also produced small launch vehicles, such as the air-launched Pegasus rocket and the ground-launched Taurus and Minotaur rockets. By 2006 it had completed 500 missions.

Orbital built and launched its first interplanetary spacecraft (Dawn) in 2007, and a year later received a long-term NASA contract to provide cargo transportation services to and from the International Space Station with its Cygnus cargo craft. In 2015, Orbital merged with Alliant Techsystems (ATK) to become Orbital ATK.