“growth accounting”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

growth accounting

Economics

A method used to determine the contribution of each factor of production to the growth of output. Any growth unexplained by factor growth is viewed as attributable to technical progress. Consider the production function Y = F(A, K, L), where Y is output, A is the level of technical knowledge, K is the quantity of capital employed, and L is the quantity of labour employed. Each of the variables is a function of time, t, so

$Y (t) = F (A (t), K (t), L (t)) .$

Differentiation with respect to time gives

$\frac{d Y}{d t} = F_{A} \frac{\partial A}{\partial t} + F_{K} \frac{\partial K}{\partial t} + F_{L} \frac{\partial L}{\partial t} .$

When the markets for factors are competitive the marginal products are equal to factor rewards, so F_K = r, the interest rate, and F_L = w, the wage rate. Hence

$\frac{d Y}{d t} = F_{A} \frac{\partial A}{\partial t} + r \frac{\partial K}{\partial t} + w \frac{\partial L}{\partial t} = F_{A} \frac{\partial A}{\partial t} + r K \frac{1}{K} \frac{\partial K}{\partial t} + w L \frac{1}{L} \frac{\partial L}{\partial t} .$

Dividing the time derivative of output by Y yields

$\frac{1}{Y} \frac{d Y}{d t} = \frac{r K}{Y} \frac{1}{K} \frac{\partial K}{\partial t} + \frac{w L}{Y} \frac{1}{L} \frac{\partial L}{\partial t} + \frac{F_{A}}{Y} \frac{\partial A}{\partial t} .$

Now define the growth rates of output, capital, and labour by

$g_{Y} = \frac{1}{Y} \frac{\partial Y}{\partial t}, g_{K} = \frac{1}{K} \frac{\partial K}{\partial t}, {and g}_{L} = \frac{1}{L} \frac{\partial L}{\partial t}$

to give

$g_{Y} = α_{K} g_{K} + α_{L} g_{L} + S R$

where α‎_K = rK/Y is the share of capital in national income, α‎_L = wL/Y is the share of labour in national income, and SR is the Solow residual. The Solow residual is the part of growth that cannot be attributed to growth in the stock of capital or labour. This can be interpreted as the underlying growth in productivity due to technical progress.

单词	growth accounting
释义	growth accounting Economics A method used to determine the contribution of each factor of production to the growth of output. Any growth unexplained by factor growth is viewed as attributable to technical progress. Consider the production function Y = F(A, K, L), where Y is output, A is the level of technical knowledge, K is the quantity of capital employed, and L is the quantity of labour employed. Each of the variables is a function of time, t, so $Y (t) = F (A (t), K (t), L (t)) .$ Differentiation with respect to time gives $\frac{d Y}{d t} = F_{A} \frac{\partial A}{\partial t} + F_{K} \frac{\partial K}{\partial t} + F_{L} \frac{\partial L}{\partial t} .$ When the markets for factors are competitive the marginal products are equal to factor rewards, so F_K = r, the interest rate, and F_L = w, the wage rate. Hence $\frac{d Y}{d t} = F_{A} \frac{\partial A}{\partial t} + r \frac{\partial K}{\partial t} + w \frac{\partial L}{\partial t} = F_{A} \frac{\partial A}{\partial t} + r K \frac{1}{K} \frac{\partial K}{\partial t} + w L \frac{1}{L} \frac{\partial L}{\partial t} .$ Dividing the time derivative of output by Y yields $\frac{1}{Y} \frac{d Y}{d t} = \frac{r K}{Y} \frac{1}{K} \frac{\partial K}{\partial t} + \frac{w L}{Y} \frac{1}{L} \frac{\partial L}{\partial t} + \frac{F_{A}}{Y} \frac{\partial A}{\partial t} .$ Now define the growth rates of output, capital, and labour by $g_{Y} = \frac{1}{Y} \frac{\partial Y}{\partial t}, g_{K} = \frac{1}{K} \frac{\partial K}{\partial t}, {and g}_{L} = \frac{1}{L} \frac{\partial L}{\partial t}$ to give $g_{Y} = α_{K} g_{K} + α_{L} g_{L} + S R$ where α‎_K = rK/Y is the share of capital in national income, α‎_L = wL/Y is the share of labour in national income, and SR is the Solow residual. The Solow residual is the part of growth that cannot be attributed to growth in the stock of capital or labour. This can be interpreted as the underlying growth in productivity due to technical progress.
随便看	planar graph planarians planar process planar slide planar slump planation surface Planck Planck constant Planck constant(symbol: h) Planck era Planck length Planck mass Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig (1858–1947) Planck satellite Planck time Planck units Planck’s constant Planck’s law Planck’s radiation law plane plane bed plane(in Cartesian coordinates) planemo plane of projection