“creep”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

creep

Physics

The continuous deformation of a solid material, usually a metal, under a constant stress that is well below its yield point (see elasticity). It usually only occurs at high temperatures and the creep characteristics of any material destined to be used under conditions of high stress at high temperatures must be investigated.

Chemical Engineering

The continuous deformation of the structure of a solid material that is held under constant stress but below the yield point. It is usually observed in metals that are held at elevated temperatures but may also occur over long periods at ambient temperatures. Horizontally supported pipelines at fixed points may eventually be seen to bow under their own weight.

Geology and Earth Sciences

1. Slow downslope movement of the regolith over hillslopes, due to gravity. The necessary disturbance of the regolith may be due to freezing and thawing; to expansion and contraction (resulting from temperature change or from wetting and drying); to additional weight and lubrication by water; or to the activities of burrowing animals.
2. See creep mechanisms.
3. The behaviour of minerals under low differential stress over long periods of time. Typically there is an initial stage of transient creep (primary creep) with viscoelastic strains, which changes progressively to a state of purely viscous strain, until the mineral ruptures in a final (tertiary) stage of creep.

Geography

The slow, gradual movement downslope of soil, scree, or glacier ice. Most creep involves a deformation of the material, i.e. plastic flow. Soil creep is more frequent in slopes of calcareous rock with surface deposits and slope angles of approximately 25–35°. The rate of ice creep is a function of the shear stress applied and is expressed in the Glen–Nye flow law:
$Σ = k τ^{n}$
where:
- Σ‎ = shear strain (flow) rate
- τ‎ = stress
- n = a constant between 2-4 (typically 3 for most glaciers) that increases with lower temperature
- k = a temperature-dependent constant.

单词	creep
释义	creep Physics The continuous deformation of a solid material, usually a metal, under a constant stress that is well below its yield point (see elasticity). It usually only occurs at high temperatures and the creep characteristics of any material destined to be used under conditions of high stress at high temperatures must be investigated. Chemical Engineering The continuous deformation of the structure of a solid material that is held under constant stress but below the yield point. It is usually observed in metals that are held at elevated temperatures but may also occur over long periods at ambient temperatures. Horizontally supported pipelines at fixed points may eventually be seen to bow under their own weight. Geology and Earth Sciences 1. Slow downslope movement of the regolith over hillslopes, due to gravity. The necessary disturbance of the regolith may be due to freezing and thawing; to expansion and contraction (resulting from temperature change or from wetting and drying); to additional weight and lubrication by water; or to the activities of burrowing animals. 2. See creep mechanisms. 3. The behaviour of minerals under low differential stress over long periods of time. Typically there is an initial stage of transient creep (primary creep) with viscoelastic strains, which changes progressively to a state of purely viscous strain, until the mineral ruptures in a final (tertiary) stage of creep. Geography The slow, gradual movement downslope of soil, scree, or glacier ice. Most creep involves a deformation of the material, i.e. plastic flow. Soil creep is more frequent in slopes of calcareous rock with surface deposits and slope angles of approximately 25–35°. The rate of ice creep is a function of the shear stress applied and is expressed in the Glen–Nye flow law: $Σ = k τ^{n}$ where: Σ‎ = shear strain (flow) rate τ‎ = stress n = a constant between 2-4 (typically 3 for most glaciers) that increases with lower temperature k = a temperature-dependent constant.
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