One of the dynasties that ruled northern China after the empire disintegrated following the collapse of the Western Jin in 311 ad. It was founded by a Mongol group, the Xianbi. Its rulers availed themselves of Chinese administrators and encouraged intermarriage with Chinese. Luoyang, once the Eastern Han capital, became their capital. Land reforms were instituted to build up a stable peasantry and an enduring system of collective responsibility. Its rule ended when tribal frontier garrisons, which were opposed to its policies, revolted.