“lysis”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

lysis

Chemical Engineering

The process of rupturing the cell wall and membranes (if present) of microorganisms by physical, chemical, or biochemical means to release the contents of the cells. Presses and liquid shear such as bead mills provide physical disruption to the cells, whereas chemical agents, including detergents such as Triton X, remove the lipid molecules thereby causing disruption of cell membranes. The enzyme lysozyme, obtained from hen egg white, dissolves the cell wall causing disruption. It is, however, expensive and rarely used for large-scale extraction processes. The processes are often used in combination.

Biology

The destruction of a living cell. This may be effected by lysosomes or lymphocytes, either as part of the normal metabolic process (as when cells are damaged or worn out) or as a reaction against invading cells (e.g. bacteria). Bacteriophages eventually cause lysis of their host cells. Experimentally, lysis of cells in culture or suspension is achieved by various methods, including mechanical disruption by a blender or ultrasonic waves in a sonicator.

单词	lysis
释义	lysis Chemical Engineering The process of rupturing the cell wall and membranes (if present) of microorganisms by physical, chemical, or biochemical means to release the contents of the cells. Presses and liquid shear such as bead mills provide physical disruption to the cells, whereas chemical agents, including detergents such as Triton X, remove the lipid molecules thereby causing disruption of cell membranes. The enzyme lysozyme, obtained from hen egg white, dissolves the cell wall causing disruption. It is, however, expensive and rarely used for large-scale extraction processes. The processes are often used in combination. Biology The destruction of a living cell. This may be effected by lysosomes or lymphocytes, either as part of the normal metabolic process (as when cells are damaged or worn out) or as a reaction against invading cells (e.g. bacteria). Bacteriophages eventually cause lysis of their host cells. Experimentally, lysis of cells in culture or suspension is achieved by various methods, including mechanical disruption by a blender or ultrasonic waves in a sonicator.
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