After teaching theology at the universities of Bonn, Münster, and Tübingen, he was appointed Archbishop of Munich and Freising and created a cardinal in 1977. Pope John Paul II appointed him Prefect of the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith—formerly the Inquisition—in 1981, in which post Ratzinger gained a reputation as a conservative enforcer of doctrinal uniformity. He became dean of the College of Cardinals in 2002 and so played a prominent part in the funeral of John Paul II in 2005; he was quickly elected to succeed him. Seeing himself as John Paul’s heir, Benedict largely continued his predecessor’s policies, but did not seek to emulate his flamboyant style. In 2013 he resigned the papacy and assumed the title ‘Pope Emeritus’, becoming the first pope since 1415 not to die in office.