“aerosol”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

aerosol

Physics

A colloidal dispersion of a solid or liquid in a gas. The commonly used aerosol sprays contain an inert propellant liquefied under pressure. Halogenated alkanes containing chlorine and fluorine (chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs) were formerly used in aerosol cans. They have now largely been replaced by volatile hydrocarbons because of their effect on the ozone layer.

Astronomy

A small particle, either solid or liquid, suspended in an atmosphere. Aerosols cause atmospheric extinction. Some properties of the particles, such as their mean size and oblateness, may be inferred from the way in which an aerosol layer scatters light.

Chemistry

A colloidal dispersion of a solid or liquid in a gas. The commonly used aerosol sprays contain an inert propellant liquefied under pressure. Chlorofluorocarbons, such as dichlorodifluoromethane, are commonly used in aerosol cans. This use has been criticized on the grounds that these compounds persist in the atmosphere and may lead to depletion of the ozone layer.

Chemical Engineering

A dispersion of fine droplets of liquid or particles of solid within a gas such as air. The particles are often very small and colloidal in size. An aerosol spray can contains propellants that are liquefied under pressure and used to create an aerosol when released into the air.

Geology and Earth Sciences

Colloidal substance, either natural or man-made, that is suspended in the air because the small size (0.01–10 μ‎m) of its particles makes them fall slowly. Aerosols in the troposphere are usually removed by precipitation and their residence time is measured in days or weeks. Aerosols that are carried into the stratosphere usually remain there much longer. Tropospheric aerosols may act as Aitken nuclei but the general effect of aerosols is to absorb, reflect, or scatter radiation. Stratospheric aerosols, mainly sulphate particles resulting from volcanic eruptions, may reduce insolation significantly. About 30% of tropospheric dust particles are the result of human activities. See atmospheric structure; mie scattering; rayleigh scattering; volcanic dust.

Geography

A suspension of droplets or particles in a gas; more precisely, of particles with a maximum diameter of 1 μm‎ (fog and mist are thus aerosols). In meteorology, the term is often used to describe the particles suspended within the air, such as minute fragments of sea-salt, dust, organic matter, and smoke. These enter the atmosphere by natural processes such as vulcanicity, and by human agency such as burning fossil fuels. Aerosols have a role in the radiative forcing of climate; they can absorb and scatter both infrared and solar radiation in the atmosphere; and they can affect and change the processes that control cloud and precipitation formation through their role as condensation nuclei. See I. T. Houghton, Y. Ding, and D. I. Griggs, et al. (2001) on aerosols and climate change. NASA posts a daily global aerosol map on the web.

单词	aerosol
释义	aerosol Physics A colloidal dispersion of a solid or liquid in a gas. The commonly used aerosol sprays contain an inert propellant liquefied under pressure. Halogenated alkanes containing chlorine and fluorine (chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs) were formerly used in aerosol cans. They have now largely been replaced by volatile hydrocarbons because of their effect on the ozone layer. Astronomy A small particle, either solid or liquid, suspended in an atmosphere. Aerosols cause atmospheric extinction. Some properties of the particles, such as their mean size and oblateness, may be inferred from the way in which an aerosol layer scatters light. Chemistry A colloidal dispersion of a solid or liquid in a gas. The commonly used aerosol sprays contain an inert propellant liquefied under pressure. Chlorofluorocarbons, such as dichlorodifluoromethane, are commonly used in aerosol cans. This use has been criticized on the grounds that these compounds persist in the atmosphere and may lead to depletion of the ozone layer. Chemical Engineering A dispersion of fine droplets of liquid or particles of solid within a gas such as air. The particles are often very small and colloidal in size. An aerosol spray can contains propellants that are liquefied under pressure and used to create an aerosol when released into the air. Geology and Earth Sciences Colloidal substance, either natural or man-made, that is suspended in the air because the small size (0.01–10 μ‎m) of its particles makes them fall slowly. Aerosols in the troposphere are usually removed by precipitation and their residence time is measured in days or weeks. Aerosols that are carried into the stratosphere usually remain there much longer. Tropospheric aerosols may act as Aitken nuclei but the general effect of aerosols is to absorb, reflect, or scatter radiation. Stratospheric aerosols, mainly sulphate particles resulting from volcanic eruptions, may reduce insolation significantly. About 30% of tropospheric dust particles are the result of human activities. See atmospheric structure; mie scattering; rayleigh scattering; volcanic dust. Geography A suspension of droplets or particles in a gas; more precisely, of particles with a maximum diameter of 1 μm‎ (fog and mist are thus aerosols). In meteorology, the term is often used to describe the particles suspended within the air, such as minute fragments of sea-salt, dust, organic matter, and smoke. These enter the atmosphere by natural processes such as vulcanicity, and by human agency such as burning fossil fuels. Aerosols have a role in the radiative forcing of climate; they can absorb and scatter both infrared and solar radiation in the atmosphere; and they can affect and change the processes that control cloud and precipitation formation through their role as condensation nuclei. See I. T. Houghton, Y. Ding, and D. I. Griggs, et al. (2001) on aerosols and climate change. NASA posts a daily global aerosol map on the web.
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