“adaptation”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

adaptation

Biology

1. (in evolution) Any change in the structure or functioning of successive generations of a population that makes it better suited to its environment. Natural selection of heritable adaptations ultimately leads to the development of new species. Increasing adaptation of a species to a particular environment tends to diminish its ability to adapt to any sudden change in that environment.
2. (in physiology) The alteration in the degree of sensitivity (either an increase or a decrease) of a sense organ to suit conditions more extreme than normally encountered. An example is the adjustment of the eye to vision in very bright or very dim light.

Geology and Earth Sciences

1. Generally, the adjustments that occur in animals in respect of their environments. The adjustments may occur by natural selection, as individuals with favourable genetic traits breed more prolifically than those lacking these traits (genotypic adaptation), or they may involve non-genetic changes in individuals, such as physiological modification (e.g. acclimatization) or behavioural changes (phenotypic adaptation). Compare abaptation.
2. In an evolutionary sense, that which fits an organism both generally and specifically to exploit a given environmental zone.

Philosophy

In biology, a characteristic of an organism that arose through its being naturally selected for its current use (see Darwinism). This is contrasted with an exaptation or feature that is co-opted for a use: an exaptation is a feature that will have arisen by natural selection, but for another use than the one that it currently has. A nonaptation is a feature that exists without promoting fitness for survival at all.

Economics

Policies and actions to prevent or reduce the adverse effects of climate change. Examples of adaptation policies include building flood defences and developing resilient crops. The European Commission adopted an EU Adaptation Plan in 2013 to facilitate coordination among the EU member countries in developing and implementing adaptation strategies. See also mitigation.

单词	adaptation
释义	adaptation Biology 1. (in evolution) Any change in the structure or functioning of successive generations of a population that makes it better suited to its environment. Natural selection of heritable adaptations ultimately leads to the development of new species. Increasing adaptation of a species to a particular environment tends to diminish its ability to adapt to any sudden change in that environment. 2. (in physiology) The alteration in the degree of sensitivity (either an increase or a decrease) of a sense organ to suit conditions more extreme than normally encountered. An example is the adjustment of the eye to vision in very bright or very dim light. Geology and Earth Sciences 1. Generally, the adjustments that occur in animals in respect of their environments. The adjustments may occur by natural selection, as individuals with favourable genetic traits breed more prolifically than those lacking these traits (genotypic adaptation), or they may involve non-genetic changes in individuals, such as physiological modification (e.g. acclimatization) or behavioural changes (phenotypic adaptation). Compare abaptation. 2. In an evolutionary sense, that which fits an organism both generally and specifically to exploit a given environmental zone. Philosophy In biology, a characteristic of an organism that arose through its being naturally selected for its current use (see Darwinism). This is contrasted with an exaptation or feature that is co-opted for a use: an exaptation is a feature that will have arisen by natural selection, but for another use than the one that it currently has. A nonaptation is a feature that exists without promoting fitness for survival at all. Economics Policies and actions to prevent or reduce the adverse effects of climate change. Examples of adaptation policies include building flood defences and developing resilient crops. The European Commission adopted an EU Adaptation Plan in 2013 to facilitate coordination among the EU member countries in developing and implementing adaptation strategies. See also mitigation.
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