whose salon became the centre of the Girondin party. Through her political influence her husband, Jean-Marie Roland (1734–93), was appointed Minister of the Interior in 1792. She helped him write a letter, read out in the council, which criticized the actions of Louis XVI. He was dismissed in July 1792 but returned to power in August following the overthrow of the monarchy. However, the following year he was forced to resign and, as the power of the Girondins weakened, Madame Roland was arrested. She was executed on 8 November 1793 and two days later her husband, hearing of her death, committed suicide.