The rule of England established by Oliver Cromwell. Unable to work with the Barebones Parliament, Cromwell entrusted a council of army officers with the task of drawing up a new constitution. The resulting Instrument of Government made Cromwell Lord Protector, monarch in all but name, who would share power with a single House of Parliament elected by Puritans. Politically it was a failure. Cromwell could not work with his first Protectorate Parliament, so he divided England into 11 military districts ruled by army officers known as major-generals. This was so unpopular that he reverted to parliamentary rule through the second Parliament of the Protectorate in 1656. Although the Protectorate was successful in foreign policy and notable for religious toleration of all faiths other than Roman Catholicism, its stability depended on Cromwell’s personal qualities. After his death in 1658 it did not take long for the army to remove Richard Cromwell, his successor, bringing the Protectorate to an end in 1659 in preparation for the Restoration of Charles II.