A political coalition of left-wing parties in defence of democratic forms of government believed threatened by right-wing fascist attacks. Such coalitions were made possible by the strategy adopted by the Comintern in 1934. In France such an alliance gained power after elections in 1936, under the leadership of Léon Blum, who implemented a programme of radical social reforms. In Spain the Popular Front governments of Azaña, Caballero, and Negrin were in office from 1936 to 1939, and fought the Spanish Civil War against Franco and the Nationalists. A Popular Front government ruled in Chile (1938–47).