Largely obsolete, yet useful term deployed by Adam Smith to describe the state of someone who, although well-intentioned enough, accidentally brings about some dire catastrophe. In spite of the innocent intentions, the mere fact of being causally involved then requires some apology, or even expiation or atonement. The state is puzzling insofar as it may be pure bad luck that separates the unfortunate person from anyone who acted similarly but with better luck, and who would then not be regarded askance. Yet we would be dismayed by someone who therefore felt no need to expiate or atone or apologise. Oedipus, who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother, is one classic case. See also deodand, moral luck.