“diffraction grating”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

diffraction grating

Physics

A device for producing spectra by diffraction and interference. The usual grating consists of a glass or speculum-metal sheet with a very large number of equidistant parallel lines ruled on it (usually of the order of 1000 per mm). Diffracted light after transmission through the glass or reflection by the speculum produces maxima of illumination (spectral lines) according to the equation mλ=‎d(sini+sinθ‎), where d is the distance between grating lines, λ‎ is the wavelength of the light, i is the angle of incidence, θ‎ the direction of the diffracted maximum, and m is the ‘order’ of the spectral line. Reflection gratings are also used to produce spectra in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Astronomy

A surface on which are ruled very fine and evenly spaced straight grooves (typically 100–1000 per mm) which break light into a spectrum by diffraction; finer spacings give greater dispersion of the spectrum, although the resolution is ultimately limited by the size of the grating. There are two main types, transmission gratings and reflection gratings, both of which are used for astronomy. Unlike prisms, diffraction gratings produce several sets, or orders, of spectra which are arranged symmetrically either side of the main spectrum, becoming progressively fainter and more dispersed with distance. To minimize light loss, the surface grooves are normally cut asymmetrically, with a sawtooth cross-section, so that most of the diffracted light is concentrated into a single spectral order; such a grating is said to be blazed.

单词	diffraction grating
释义	diffraction grating Physics A device for producing spectra by diffraction and interference. The usual grating consists of a glass or speculum-metal sheet with a very large number of equidistant parallel lines ruled on it (usually of the order of 1000 per mm). Diffracted light after transmission through the glass or reflection by the speculum produces maxima of illumination (spectral lines) according to the equation mλ=‎d(sini+sinθ‎), where d is the distance between grating lines, λ‎ is the wavelength of the light, i is the angle of incidence, θ‎ the direction of the diffracted maximum, and m is the ‘order’ of the spectral line. Reflection gratings are also used to produce spectra in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Astronomy A surface on which are ruled very fine and evenly spaced straight grooves (typically 100–1000 per mm) which break light into a spectrum by diffraction; finer spacings give greater dispersion of the spectrum, although the resolution is ultimately limited by the size of the grating. There are two main types, transmission gratings and reflection gratings, both of which are used for astronomy. Unlike prisms, diffraction gratings produce several sets, or orders, of spectra which are arranged symmetrically either side of the main spectrum, becoming progressively fainter and more dispersed with distance. To minimize light loss, the surface grooves are normally cut asymmetrically, with a sawtooth cross-section, so that most of the diffracted light is concentrated into a single spectral order; such a grating is said to be blazed.
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