“damping”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

damping

Physics

A decrease in the amplitude of an oscillation as a result of energy being drained from the oscillating system to overcome frictional or other resistive forces. For example, a pendulum soon comes to rest unless it is supplied with energy from an outside source; in a pendulum clock, energy is supplied through an escapement from a wound spring or a falling mass to compensate for the energy lost through friction. Damping is introduced intentionally in measuring instruments of various kinds to overcome the problem of taking a reading from an oscillating needle. A measuring instrument is said to be critically damped if the system just fails to oscillate and the system comes to rest in the shortest possible time. If it is underdamped it will oscillate repeatedly before coming to rest; if it is overdamped it will not oscillate but it will take longer to come to rest than it would if it was critically damped. An instrument, such as a galvanometer, that is critically damped is often called a deadbeat instrument.

Chemical Engineering

The gradual reduction or suppression of the oscillatory behaviour of a process variable such as temperature, pressure, and liquid level in a controlled system or process. Damped harmonic oscillators satisfy the second-order differential equation of the form:
$\frac{d^{2} x}{d t^{2}} + 2 ζ ω_{o} \frac{d x}{d t} + ω_{o}^{2} = 0$

where ω_o is the undamped angular frequency and ς is the damping ratio. Critical damping (ς = 1) is where response to a change is abrupt, in which there is no overshoot of the set point. Under-damping (0 < ς <1) occurs when there is overshoot, while over-damping (ς > 1) occurs when the response is slower than critical damping. An undamped system (ς = 0) corresponds to its natural resonant frequency (ω_o).

Geology and Earth Sciences

A slowing down or prevention of oscillation due to the dissipation of the kinetic energy of oscillation. Friction will dampen a mechanical system, and electromagnetic damping uses eddy currents to oppose motion. See also critical damping.

单词	damping
释义	damping Physics A decrease in the amplitude of an oscillation as a result of energy being drained from the oscillating system to overcome frictional or other resistive forces. For example, a pendulum soon comes to rest unless it is supplied with energy from an outside source; in a pendulum clock, energy is supplied through an escapement from a wound spring or a falling mass to compensate for the energy lost through friction. Damping is introduced intentionally in measuring instruments of various kinds to overcome the problem of taking a reading from an oscillating needle. A measuring instrument is said to be critically damped if the system just fails to oscillate and the system comes to rest in the shortest possible time. If it is underdamped it will oscillate repeatedly before coming to rest; if it is overdamped it will not oscillate but it will take longer to come to rest than it would if it was critically damped. An instrument, such as a galvanometer, that is critically damped is often called a deadbeat instrument. Chemical Engineering The gradual reduction or suppression of the oscillatory behaviour of a process variable such as temperature, pressure, and liquid level in a controlled system or process. Damped harmonic oscillators satisfy the second-order differential equation of the form: $\frac{d^{2} x}{d t^{2}} + 2 ζ ω_{o} \frac{d x}{d t} + ω_{o}^{2} = 0$ where ω_o is the undamped angular frequency and ς is the damping ratio. Critical damping (ς = 1) is where response to a change is abrupt, in which there is no overshoot of the set point. Under-damping (0 < ς <1) occurs when there is overshoot, while over-damping (ς > 1) occurs when the response is slower than critical damping. An undamped system (ς = 0) corresponds to its natural resonant frequency (ω_o). Geology and Earth Sciences A slowing down or prevention of oscillation due to the dissipation of the kinetic energy of oscillation. Friction will dampen a mechanical system, and electromagnetic damping uses eddy currents to oppose motion. See also critical damping.
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