1. A member of a prehistoric people inhabiting the coast of Veracruz and western Tabasco on the Gulf of Mexico c. 1200–100 bc, who established what was probably the first developed civilization of Mesoamerica. They are noted for their sculptures, especially the massive stone-hewn heads with realistic features and round helmets, and small jade carvings featuring a jaguar.

2. A member of a Native American people living in the highlands of Mexico or migrating to the Gulf coast during the 12th century. Their name is derived from a Nahuatl word meaning ‘people of the rubber(-tree) country’.