“core”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

core

Physics

1. A rod or frame of magnetic material that increases the inductance of a coil through which it passes. Cores are used in transformers, electromagnets, and the rotors and stators of electrical machines. It may consist of laminated metal, ferrite, or compressed ferromagnetic particles in a matrix of an insulating binder (dust core).

2. The inner part of a nuclear reactor in which the nuclear reaction takes place.

3. The devices that make up the memory in certain types of computer.

4. The central region of a star or planet.

Chemical Engineering

The part of a nuclear reactor where the fission chain reaction takes place. A core meltdown is the uncontrolled reaction within a nuclear reactor in which the core cooling fails, leading to the nuclear fuel heating up due to radioactive decay of the fission products to the point that the fuel melts. The cooling system may fail due to a major leakage in the nuclear reactor cooling circuit with the simultaneous failure of the emergency cooling system. See chernobyl.

Computer

See multi-core processor.

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

1. The ferromagnetic portion of the magnetic circuit of an electromagnetic device. A simple ferrite core is a solid piece of ferromagnetic material suitably shaped into a cylinder, torroid, etc. A laminated core is composed of laminations of ferromagnetic material insulated from each other; eddy currents are thus reduced. A wound core is one constructed from strips of ferromagnetic material wound spirally in layers.
2. (core store) An obsolete type of nonvolatile computer memory that consisted of an array of rings of ferrite material strung on a grid of wires. The individual rings – ferrite cores – were of the order of a millimetre in diameter. Information was stored in the array by causing the direction of magnetization of a core to be either clockwise or anticlockwise, corresponding to the binary digits one or zero. There was random access to the memory locations. Information was input and output by electronic means using the wire grid to read or write.

Geology and Earth Sciences

1. The central zone or unit of the Earth. It is composed of iron, with a lighter element, probably sulphur, and accounts for 16% of the Earth’s volume and 32% of its mass. The core is separated into inner and outer units. The inner core is a solid with a radius of about 1220 km and the outer core, which does not permit the passage of shear waves (S-waves), is liquid. Other planets have mass distributions that suggest they possess cores, e.g. Mars, Venus, and Mercury. The Moon may have a small core. Saturn has magnetic fields interpreted to indicate a metallic core, probably of liquid hydrogen.
2. A rock or ice specimen obtained by drilling.

Geography

1 The central part of the Earth, the core is the point within the Earth where S-waves cannot penetrate, marked by an abrupt increase in pressure. It is believed to be composed primarily of a nickel-iron alloy (along with abundant platinum-group elements), with a liquid outer zone, 2 900–5 000 km deep, and a solid inner zone, 5 000–6 370 km deep.
2 See core region.

Economics

1. A central region in an economy, with good communications and high population density, which are conducive to its prosperity. The core is surrounded by the periphery: outlying regions, usually with poorer communications and sparse population. At the world level, core countries are characterized by higher development and higher accessibility, in terms of transportation and trade, relative to the periphery.
2. The set of feasible allocations that cannot be improved upon by a coalition formed by a subset of the consumers in an economy. A coalition can improve upon an allocation if there is some reallocation of the resources within the coalition such that a new allocation is obtained that is at least as good as the old for all coalition members and strictly preferred for some. In an Edgeworth box the core of the economy is the set of Pareto-efficient allocations that are preferred by all consumers to the initial endowment point. The ‘core convergence theorem’ proves that the core of the economy shrinks to the set of competitive equilibria as the number of consumers in the economy increases. The concept of the core can also be applied to cooperative games.

单词	core
释义	core Physics 1. A rod or frame of magnetic material that increases the inductance of a coil through which it passes. Cores are used in transformers, electromagnets, and the rotors and stators of electrical machines. It may consist of laminated metal, ferrite, or compressed ferromagnetic particles in a matrix of an insulating binder (dust core). 2. The inner part of a nuclear reactor in which the nuclear reaction takes place. 3. The devices that make up the memory in certain types of computer. 4. The central region of a star or planet. Chemical Engineering The part of a nuclear reactor where the fission chain reaction takes place. A core meltdown is the uncontrolled reaction within a nuclear reactor in which the core cooling fails, leading to the nuclear fuel heating up due to radioactive decay of the fission products to the point that the fuel melts. The cooling system may fail due to a major leakage in the nuclear reactor cooling circuit with the simultaneous failure of the emergency cooling system. See chernobyl. Computer See multi-core processor. Electronics and Electrical Engineering 1. The ferromagnetic portion of the magnetic circuit of an electromagnetic device. A simple ferrite core is a solid piece of ferromagnetic material suitably shaped into a cylinder, torroid, etc. A laminated core is composed of laminations of ferromagnetic material insulated from each other; eddy currents are thus reduced. A wound core is one constructed from strips of ferromagnetic material wound spirally in layers. 2. (core store) An obsolete type of nonvolatile computer memory that consisted of an array of rings of ferrite material strung on a grid of wires. The individual rings – ferrite cores – were of the order of a millimetre in diameter. Information was stored in the array by causing the direction of magnetization of a core to be either clockwise or anticlockwise, corresponding to the binary digits one or zero. There was random access to the memory locations. Information was input and output by electronic means using the wire grid to read or write. Geology and Earth Sciences 1. The central zone or unit of the Earth. It is composed of iron, with a lighter element, probably sulphur, and accounts for 16% of the Earth’s volume and 32% of its mass. The core is separated into inner and outer units. The inner core is a solid with a radius of about 1220 km and the outer core, which does not permit the passage of shear waves (S-waves), is liquid. Other planets have mass distributions that suggest they possess cores, e.g. Mars, Venus, and Mercury. The Moon may have a small core. Saturn has magnetic fields interpreted to indicate a metallic core, probably of liquid hydrogen. 2. A rock or ice specimen obtained by drilling. Geography 1 The central part of the Earth, the core is the point within the Earth where S-waves cannot penetrate, marked by an abrupt increase in pressure. It is believed to be composed primarily of a nickel-iron alloy (along with abundant platinum-group elements), with a liquid outer zone, 2 900–5 000 km deep, and a solid inner zone, 5 000–6 370 km deep. 2 See core region. Economics 1. A central region in an economy, with good communications and high population density, which are conducive to its prosperity. The core is surrounded by the periphery: outlying regions, usually with poorer communications and sparse population. At the world level, core countries are characterized by higher development and higher accessibility, in terms of transportation and trade, relative to the periphery. 2. The set of feasible allocations that cannot be improved upon by a coalition formed by a subset of the consumers in an economy. A coalition can improve upon an allocation if there is some reallocation of the resources within the coalition such that a new allocation is obtained that is at least as good as the old for all coalition members and strictly preferred for some. In an Edgeworth box the core of the economy is the set of Pareto-efficient allocations that are preferred by all consumers to the initial endowment point. The ‘core convergence theorem’ proves that the core of the economy shrinks to the set of competitive equilibria as the number of consumers in the economy increases. The concept of the core can also be applied to cooperative games.
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