“charge”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

charge

Physics

A property of some elementary particles that gives rise to an interaction between them and consequently to the host of material phenomena described as electrical. Charge occurs in nature in two forms, conventionally described as positive and negative in order to distinguish between the two kinds of interaction between particles. Two particles that have similar charges (both negative or both positive) interact by repelling each other; two particles that have dissimilar charges (one positive, one negative) interact by attracting each other. The size of the interaction is determined by Coulomb’s law.

The natural unit of negative charge is the charge on an electron, which is equal but opposite in effect to the positive charge on the proton. Large-scale matter that consists of equal numbers of electrons and protons is electrically neutral. If there is an excess of electrons the body is negatively charged; an excess of protons results in a positive charge. A flow of charged particles, especially a flow of electrons, constitutes an electric current. Charge is measured in coulombs, the charge on an electron being 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs. Charge is conserved in all known physical process. Ultimately this is due to electrodynamics being a gauge theory.

Astronomy

A fundamental property of elementary particles that causes them to attract or repel other particles by means of electric force. Charge is either positive or negative. Like charges repel (e.g. positive–positive) and unlike charges attract. Protons have a positive charge; electrons have a negative charge. Atoms that consist of equal numbers of protons and electrons are electrically neutral. If there is an excess of electrons the atom is negatively charged; an excess of protons makes it positively charged. See also ion; ionization.

Chemistry

A property of some elementary particles that gives rise to an interaction between them and consequently to the host of material phenomena described as electrical. Charge occurs in nature in two forms, conventionally described as positive and negative in order to distinguish between the two kinds of interaction between particles. Two particles that have similar charges (both negative or both positive) interact by repelling each other; two particles that have dissimilar charges (one positive, one negative) interact by attracting each other.
The natural unit of negative charge is the charge on an electron, which is equal but opposite in effect to the positive charge on the proton. Large-scale matter that consists of equal numbers of electrons and protons is electrically neutral. If there is an excess of electrons the body is negatively charged; an excess of protons results in a positive charge. A flow of charged particles, especially a flow of electrons, constitutes an electric current. Charge is measured in coulombs, the charge on an electron being 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs.

Chemical Engineering

The quantity or load of material fed into a process, the quantity contained within a storage vessel, or the amount of fuel fed into a burner.

Geology and Earth Sciences

1. (explosive) The combination of detonator and main explosive. The effective energy released is a function of the nature and weight of the main explosive material, the type of detonator used, and how the charge is fired.
2. (electrical) A source of electric field forces; the transfer of such charge through a conducting medium is measured as electric current. Electric charge comprises whole-number multiples of electronic charge, of which the electron constitutes a negative charge.

单词	charge
释义	charge Physics A property of some elementary particles that gives rise to an interaction between them and consequently to the host of material phenomena described as electrical. Charge occurs in nature in two forms, conventionally described as positive and negative in order to distinguish between the two kinds of interaction between particles. Two particles that have similar charges (both negative or both positive) interact by repelling each other; two particles that have dissimilar charges (one positive, one negative) interact by attracting each other. The size of the interaction is determined by Coulomb’s law. The natural unit of negative charge is the charge on an electron, which is equal but opposite in effect to the positive charge on the proton. Large-scale matter that consists of equal numbers of electrons and protons is electrically neutral. If there is an excess of electrons the body is negatively charged; an excess of protons results in a positive charge. A flow of charged particles, especially a flow of electrons, constitutes an electric current. Charge is measured in coulombs, the charge on an electron being 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs. Charge is conserved in all known physical process. Ultimately this is due to electrodynamics being a gauge theory. Astronomy A fundamental property of elementary particles that causes them to attract or repel other particles by means of electric force. Charge is either positive or negative. Like charges repel (e.g. positive–positive) and unlike charges attract. Protons have a positive charge; electrons have a negative charge. Atoms that consist of equal numbers of protons and electrons are electrically neutral. If there is an excess of electrons the atom is negatively charged; an excess of protons makes it positively charged. See also ion; ionization. Chemistry A property of some elementary particles that gives rise to an interaction between them and consequently to the host of material phenomena described as electrical. Charge occurs in nature in two forms, conventionally described as positive and negative in order to distinguish between the two kinds of interaction between particles. Two particles that have similar charges (both negative or both positive) interact by repelling each other; two particles that have dissimilar charges (one positive, one negative) interact by attracting each other. The natural unit of negative charge is the charge on an electron, which is equal but opposite in effect to the positive charge on the proton. Large-scale matter that consists of equal numbers of electrons and protons is electrically neutral. If there is an excess of electrons the body is negatively charged; an excess of protons results in a positive charge. A flow of charged particles, especially a flow of electrons, constitutes an electric current. Charge is measured in coulombs, the charge on an electron being 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs. Chemical Engineering The quantity or load of material fed into a process, the quantity contained within a storage vessel, or the amount of fuel fed into a burner. Geology and Earth Sciences 1. (explosive) The combination of detonator and main explosive. The effective energy released is a function of the nature and weight of the main explosive material, the type of detonator used, and how the charge is fired. 2. (electrical) A source of electric field forces; the transfer of such charge through a conducting medium is measured as electric current. Electric charge comprises whole-number multiples of electronic charge, of which the electron constitutes a negative charge.
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