“soap”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

soap

Chemistry

A substance made by boiling animal fats with sodium hydroxide. The reaction involves the hydrolysis of glyceride esters of fatty acids to glycerol and sodium salts of the acids present (mainly the stearate, oleate, and palmitate), giving a soft semisolid with detergent action. Potassium hydroxide gives a more liquid product (soft soap). By extension, other metal salts of long-chain fatty acids are also called soaps. See also saponification.

Chemical Engineering

A substance used to remove dirt, oil, and grease from surfaces. It is a salt of a long-chain fatty acid and made by boiling fats with sodium hydroxide. Manufactured in a batch process, fat or oil is heated with a slight excess of alkali in an open kettle. Salt is then added to precipitate the soap into curds, recovered, and purified. In the more common continuous process, the fat or oil is hydrolyzed by water at high temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst. The fatty acids and glycerol are removed and separated by distillation and the acids neutralized with an appropriate amount of alkali to make soap. Synthetic detergents now exceed the use of ordinary soaps, since soaps give a slight alkaline solution in water due to the partial hydrolysis of sodium salts, which can be harmful to fabrics. See saponification.

单词	soap
释义	soap Chemistry A substance made by boiling animal fats with sodium hydroxide. The reaction involves the hydrolysis of glyceride esters of fatty acids to glycerol and sodium salts of the acids present (mainly the stearate, oleate, and palmitate), giving a soft semisolid with detergent action. Potassium hydroxide gives a more liquid product (soft soap). By extension, other metal salts of long-chain fatty acids are also called soaps. See also saponification. Chemical Engineering A substance used to remove dirt, oil, and grease from surfaces. It is a salt of a long-chain fatty acid and made by boiling fats with sodium hydroxide. Manufactured in a batch process, fat or oil is heated with a slight excess of alkali in an open kettle. Salt is then added to precipitate the soap into curds, recovered, and purified. In the more common continuous process, the fat or oil is hydrolyzed by water at high temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst. The fatty acids and glycerol are removed and separated by distillation and the acids neutralized with an appropriate amount of alkali to make soap. Synthetic detergents now exceed the use of ordinary soaps, since soaps give a slight alkaline solution in water due to the partial hydrolysis of sodium salts, which can be harmful to fabrics. See saponification.
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