“capture”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

capture

Physics

Any of various processes in which a system of particles absorbs an extra particle. There are several examples in atomic and nuclear physics. For instance, a positive ion may capture an electron to give a neutral atom or molecule. Similarly, a neutral atom or molecule capturing an electron becomes a negative ion. An atomic nucleus may capture a neutron to produce a different (often unstable) nucleus. Another type of nuclear capture is the process in which the nucleus of an atom absorbs an electron from the innermost orbit (the K shell) to transform into a different nucleus. In this process (called K capture) the atom is left in an excited state and generally decays by emission of an X-ray photon.

Radiative capture is any such process in which the capture results in an excited state that decays by emission of photons. A common example is neutron capture to yield an excited nucleus, which decays by emission of a gamma ray.

Chemistry

Any of various processes in which a system of particles absorbs an extra particle. There are several examples in atomic and nuclear physics. For instance, a positive ion may capture an electron to give a neutral atom or molecule. Similarly, a neutral atom or molecule capturing an electron becomes a negative ion. An atomic nucleus may capture a neutron to produce a different (often unstable) nucleus. Another type of nuclear capture is the process in which the nucleus of an atom absorbs an electron from the innermost orbit (the K shell) to transform into a different nucleus. In this process (called K capture) the atom is left in an excited state and generally decays by emission of an X-ray photon.
Radiative capture is any such process in which the capture results in an excited state that decays by emission of photons. A common example is neutron capture to yield an excited nucleus, which decays by emission of a gamma ray.

Geology and Earth Sciences

1. Substitution in a crystal lattice of a trace element for a common element with lower valency or larger ionic radius, e.g. Ba⁺⁺ for K⁺. There is often a higher concentration of captured trace elements relative to common elements in the mineral than in the liquid from which it crystallized. Compare camouflage.
2. See river capture.

Geography

When a river is extending its channel upstream by headward erosion, it may come into contact with the headwaters of a less vigorous river. The headwaters from the minor river may be diverted into the more rapidly eroding channel. There is often a sudden change of stream direction at the point of capture; this is the elbow of capture. See Mather (2000) Geomorph. 34, 3 for two examples of river capture; see also Bishop (1995) PPG 19.
River capture

单词	capture
释义	capture Physics Any of various processes in which a system of particles absorbs an extra particle. There are several examples in atomic and nuclear physics. For instance, a positive ion may capture an electron to give a neutral atom or molecule. Similarly, a neutral atom or molecule capturing an electron becomes a negative ion. An atomic nucleus may capture a neutron to produce a different (often unstable) nucleus. Another type of nuclear capture is the process in which the nucleus of an atom absorbs an electron from the innermost orbit (the K shell) to transform into a different nucleus. In this process (called K capture) the atom is left in an excited state and generally decays by emission of an X-ray photon. Radiative capture is any such process in which the capture results in an excited state that decays by emission of photons. A common example is neutron capture to yield an excited nucleus, which decays by emission of a gamma ray. Chemistry Any of various processes in which a system of particles absorbs an extra particle. There are several examples in atomic and nuclear physics. For instance, a positive ion may capture an electron to give a neutral atom or molecule. Similarly, a neutral atom or molecule capturing an electron becomes a negative ion. An atomic nucleus may capture a neutron to produce a different (often unstable) nucleus. Another type of nuclear capture is the process in which the nucleus of an atom absorbs an electron from the innermost orbit (the K shell) to transform into a different nucleus. In this process (called K capture) the atom is left in an excited state and generally decays by emission of an X-ray photon. Radiative capture is any such process in which the capture results in an excited state that decays by emission of photons. A common example is neutron capture to yield an excited nucleus, which decays by emission of a gamma ray. Geology and Earth Sciences 1. Substitution in a crystal lattice of a trace element for a common element with lower valency or larger ionic radius, e.g. Ba⁺⁺ for K⁺. There is often a higher concentration of captured trace elements relative to common elements in the mineral than in the liquid from which it crystallized. Compare camouflage. 2. See river capture. Geography When a river is extending its channel upstream by headward erosion, it may come into contact with the headwaters of a less vigorous river. The headwaters from the minor river may be diverted into the more rapidly eroding channel. There is often a sudden change of stream direction at the point of capture; this is the elbow of capture. See Mather (2000) Geomorph. 34, 3 for two examples of river capture; see also Bishop (1995) PPG 19. River capture
随便看	atmospheric cells atmospheric chemistry atmospheric correction atmospheric energetics atmospheric entry probe atmospheric extinction atmospheric forcing atmospheric heat engine Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment atmospheric pollution atmospheric pressure atmospheric refraction atmospheric scattering atmospheric shimmer atmospheric structure atmospheric structure instrument/meteorology package atmospheric window atmospheric ‘window’ ATNF Atokan atoll atollon Atom atom