“Dirac equation”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Dirac equation

Physics

An equation derived by P. A. M. Dirac, which can be regarded as an interpretation of the Schrödinger equation that takes account of relativity. It can be written in the form
$i α \nabla ψ + (m c / ћ) β ψ = (i / c) δ ψ / δ t,$

where m is the mass of a free particle, c the speed of light, t the time, and ћ is the Dirac constant. The wave function is ψ‎ and α‎ and β‎ are square matrices; i is √−1. The Dirac equation, unlike the Klein–Gordon equation, can be used with spin-½ particles, such as the electron; it also predicts the existence of antiparticles. As with the Klein–Gordon equation, it is more logical and consistent to treat the Dirac equation as a field equation rather than a particle equation, because the electron and the positron can then be treated on an equal footing.

Chemistry

A modification of the nonrelativistic Schrödinger equation taking special relativity theory into account. The Dirac equation is needed to discuss the quantum mechanics of electrons in heavy atoms and, more generally, to discuss fine-structure features of atomic spectra, such as spin-orbit coupling. The equation was put forward by Paul Dirac in 1928. It can be solved exactly in the case of the hydrogen atom but can only be solved using approximation techniques for more complicated atoms.

单词	Dirac equation
释义	Dirac equation Physics An equation derived by P. A. M. Dirac, which can be regarded as an interpretation of the Schrödinger equation that takes account of relativity. It can be written in the form $i α \nabla ψ + (m c / ћ) β ψ = (i / c) δ ψ / δ t,$ where m is the mass of a free particle, c the speed of light, t the time, and ћ is the Dirac constant. The wave function is ψ‎ and α‎ and β‎ are square matrices; i is √−1. The Dirac equation, unlike the Klein–Gordon equation, can be used with spin-½ particles, such as the electron; it also predicts the existence of antiparticles. As with the Klein–Gordon equation, it is more logical and consistent to treat the Dirac equation as a field equation rather than a particle equation, because the electron and the positron can then be treated on an equal footing. Chemistry A modification of the nonrelativistic Schrödinger equation taking special relativity theory into account. The Dirac equation is needed to discuss the quantum mechanics of electrons in heavy atoms and, more generally, to discuss fine-structure features of atomic spectra, such as spin-orbit coupling. The equation was put forward by Paul Dirac in 1928. It can be solved exactly in the case of the hydrogen atom but can only be solved using approximation techniques for more complicated atoms.
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