“mercantilism”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

mercantilism

Geography

The view, current in early modern Europe, that one nation’s gain depends on another nation’s loss; a trading nation prospers only if it encourages the export, but discourages the import, of manufactures. I. Wallerstein (1980) is worth reading. ‘Compared to the US, Japan is thought to actively engage in mercantilism, accumulating substantial foreign reserves through exclusionary trade and industrial practices’ (Pantulu and Poon (2003) J. Econ. Geog. 3).

Economics

An economic theory popular in the 16th to 18th centuries that viewed a nation’s supply of capital as the determinant of welfare. When this view was coupled with the assumption that the total value of world trade was fixed it implied a policy of seeking balance-of-payments surpluses to increase capital inflow, and advocacy of protectionism to achieve this.

World History

The 17th-century economic belief that aimed to exploit natural resources fully to promote exports and limit imports. Mercantilists believed that the possession of gold or ‘bullion’ was all-important and countries without a source of precious metal must obtain it by commerce; a nation’s wealth was seen as chiefly dependent on its balance of trade. Trading was controlled by government-backed companies, tariffs were imposed, and trade wars, such as the Anglo-Dutch Wars were fought. Later supporters of free trade (laissez-faire) opposed the mercantilist theory that the volume of trade is fixed and that to increase one’s share one must lessen that of others. In a celebrated essay of 1752, David Hume contradicted the mercantilist view, arguing that a country’s bullion reserves were essentially determined by the size of its economy and its consequential need for money as a circulating medium, and would not be permanently influenced either way by government interference with trade.

单词	mercantilism
释义	mercantilism Geography The view, current in early modern Europe, that one nation’s gain depends on another nation’s loss; a trading nation prospers only if it encourages the export, but discourages the import, of manufactures. I. Wallerstein (1980) is worth reading. ‘Compared to the US, Japan is thought to actively engage in mercantilism, accumulating substantial foreign reserves through exclusionary trade and industrial practices’ (Pantulu and Poon (2003) J. Econ. Geog. 3). Economics An economic theory popular in the 16th to 18th centuries that viewed a nation’s supply of capital as the determinant of welfare. When this view was coupled with the assumption that the total value of world trade was fixed it implied a policy of seeking balance-of-payments surpluses to increase capital inflow, and advocacy of protectionism to achieve this. World History The 17th-century economic belief that aimed to exploit natural resources fully to promote exports and limit imports. Mercantilists believed that the possession of gold or ‘bullion’ was all-important and countries without a source of precious metal must obtain it by commerce; a nation’s wealth was seen as chiefly dependent on its balance of trade. Trading was controlled by government-backed companies, tariffs were imposed, and trade wars, such as the Anglo-Dutch Wars were fought. Later supporters of free trade (laissez-faire) opposed the mercantilist theory that the volume of trade is fixed and that to increase one’s share one must lessen that of others. In a celebrated essay of 1752, David Hume contradicted the mercantilist view, arguing that a country’s bullion reserves were essentially determined by the size of its economy and its consequential need for money as a circulating medium, and would not be permanently influenced either way by government interference with trade.
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