“ultraviolet radiation”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

ultraviolet radiation

Physics

Electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths between that of violet light and long X-rays, i.e. between 400 nanometres and 4 nm. In the range 400–300 nm the radiation is known as the near ultraviolet. In the range 300–200 nm it is known as the far ultraviolet. Below 200 nm it is known as the extreme ultraviolet or the vacuum ultraviolet, as absorption by the oxygen in the air makes the use of evacuated apparatus essential. The sun is a strong emitter of UV radiation but only the near UV reaches the surface of the earth as the ozone layer of the atmosphere absorbs all wavelengths below 290 nm. Ultraviolet radiation is classified in three ranges according to its effect on the skin. The ranges are:
- • UV-A (320–400 nm);
- • UV-B (290–320 nm);
- • UV-C (230–290 nm).
The longest-wavelength range, UV-A, is not harmful in normal doses and is used clinically in the treatment of certain skin complaints, such as psoriasis. It is also used to induce vitamin D formation in patients that are allergic to vitamin D preparations. UV-B causes reddening of the skin followed by pigmentation (tanning). Excessive exposure can cause severe blistering. UV-C, with the shortest wavelengths, is particularly damaging. It has been claimed that short-wavelength ultraviolet radiation causes skin cancer and that the risk of contracting this has been increased by the depletion of the ozone layer.

Most UV radiation for practical use is produced by various types of mercury-vapour lamps. Ordinary glass absorbs UV radiation and therefore lenses and prisms for use in the UV are made from quartz.

Astronomy

The region of the electromagnetic spectrum spanning the wavelength range from the Lyman limit at 91.2 nm to 320 nm. It can be split into the shorter-wavelength far ultraviolet and the longer-wavelength near ultraviolet, the boundary between the two lying at approximately 200 nm. Overlapping slightly with the far ultraviolet is the extreme ultraviolet waveband, spanning the range 10–100 nm.

Space Exploration

The light rays invisible to the human eye, of wavelengths from about 4 × 10^–4 to 5 × 10^–6 millimetres (where the X-ray range begins). Physiologically, they are important but also dangerous, causing the formation of vitamin D in the skin and producing sunburn in excess.
Levels of ultraviolet radiation have risen by an average of 6.8% a decade in the northern hemisphere and 9.9% in the southern hemisphere 1972–96, according to data gathered by the total ozone mapping spectrometer on the Nimbus 7 satellite. By 2010, NASA announced that most of the increase (which continues at the aforementioned levels) has occurred in the mid- and-high latitudes, and there has been little or no increase in tropical regions. The primary culprit: decreasing levels of stratospheric ozone. In 2017 the World Health Organization noted that continued depletion of the ozone layer is likely to aggravate existing health effects caused by exposure to UV radiation. Computational models predict that a 10% decrease in stratospheric ozone could cause an additional 300 000 non-melanoma and 4 500 melanoma skin cancers and between 1.6 and 1.75 million more cases of cataracts worldwide every year.

Chemistry

Electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths between that of violet light and long X-rays, i.e. between 400 nanometres and 4 nm. In the range 400–300 nm the radiation is known as the near ultraviolet. In the range 300–200 nm it is known as the far ultraviolet. Below 200 nm it is known as the extreme ultraviolet or the vacuum ultraviolet, as absorption by the oxygen in the air makes the use of evacuated apparatus essential. The sun is a strong emitter of UV radiation but only the near UV reaches the surface of the earth as the ozone layer of the atmosphere absorbs all wavelengths below 290 nm. Ultraviolet radiation is classified in three ranges according to its effect on the skin. The ranges are:
- UV-A (320–400 nm);
- UV-B (290–320 nm);
- UV-C (230–290 nm).
The longest-wavelength range, UV-A, is not harmful in normal doses and is used clinically in the treatment of certain skin complaints, such as psoriasis. It is also used to induce vitamin D formation in patients that are allergic to vitamin D preparations. UV-B causes reddening of the skin followed by pigmentation (tanning). Excessive exposure can cause severe blistering. UV-C, with the shortest wavelengths, is particularly damaging. It is thought that short-wavelength ultraviolet radiation causes skin cancer and that the risk of contracting this has been increased by the depletion of the ozone layer.
Most UV radiation for practical use is produced by various types of mercury-vapour lamps. Ordinary glass absorbs UV radiation and therefore lenses and prisms for use in the UV are made from quartz.

Chemical Engineering

Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light. It lies just beyond the visible spectrum and has typical wavelengths in the order of 10⁻⁷ m.

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

Electromagnetic radiation lying between light and X-rays on the electromagnetic spectrum. Radiation of frequency close to that of light is near ultraviolet radiation; that at the high-frequency end of the range is far ultraviolet.

Biology

Electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths between that of violet light and long X-rays, i.e. between 400 nanometres and 4 nm. In the range 400–300 nm the radiation is known as the near ultraviolet. In the range 300–200 nm it is known as the far ultraviolet. Below 200 nm it is known as the extreme ultraviolet or the vacuum ultraviolet, as absorption by the oxygen in the air makes the use of evacuated apparatus essential. The sun is a strong emitter of UV radiation but only some reaches the surface of the earth. Ultraviolet radiation is classified in three ranges: UV-A (320–400 nm), UV-B (290–320 nm), and UV-C (230–290 nm). All UV-C and some UV-B radiation is absorbed by the ozone layer in the atmosphere, so that 95% of UV reaching the earth’s surface is UV-A. The shorter the wavelength, the more harmful but less penetrating to skin; however, all UV radiation is considered potentially harmful, causing burning, pigmentation (tanning), premature ageing of skin, and skin cancers. The risk of skin cancers has been increased by the depletion of the ozone layer. UV radiation is used clinically in the treatment of certain skin complaints, such as psoriasis. It is also used to induce vitamin D formation in patients who are allergic to vitamin D preparations.
Most UV radiation for practical use is produced by various types of mercury-vapour lamps. Ordinary glass absorbs UV radiation and therefore lenses and prisms for use in the UV are made from quartz.

Geology and Earth Sciences

Electromagnetic radiation which has a wavelength between 0.5 nm and 400 nm, located between the visible and X-ray regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Near ultraviolet occurs at wavelengths between 400 nm and 300 nm, middle ultraviolet between 300 nm and 200 nm, and extreme ultraviolet between 200 nm and 150 nm.

单词	ultraviolet radiation
释义	ultraviolet radiation Physics Electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths between that of violet light and long X-rays, i.e. between 400 nanometres and 4 nm. In the range 400–300 nm the radiation is known as the near ultraviolet. In the range 300–200 nm it is known as the far ultraviolet. Below 200 nm it is known as the extreme ultraviolet or the vacuum ultraviolet, as absorption by the oxygen in the air makes the use of evacuated apparatus essential. The sun is a strong emitter of UV radiation but only the near UV reaches the surface of the earth as the ozone layer of the atmosphere absorbs all wavelengths below 290 nm. Ultraviolet radiation is classified in three ranges according to its effect on the skin. The ranges are: • UV-A (320–400 nm); • UV-B (290–320 nm); • UV-C (230–290 nm). The longest-wavelength range, UV-A, is not harmful in normal doses and is used clinically in the treatment of certain skin complaints, such as psoriasis. It is also used to induce vitamin D formation in patients that are allergic to vitamin D preparations. UV-B causes reddening of the skin followed by pigmentation (tanning). Excessive exposure can cause severe blistering. UV-C, with the shortest wavelengths, is particularly damaging. It has been claimed that short-wavelength ultraviolet radiation causes skin cancer and that the risk of contracting this has been increased by the depletion of the ozone layer. Most UV radiation for practical use is produced by various types of mercury-vapour lamps. Ordinary glass absorbs UV radiation and therefore lenses and prisms for use in the UV are made from quartz. Astronomy The region of the electromagnetic spectrum spanning the wavelength range from the Lyman limit at 91.2 nm to 320 nm. It can be split into the shorter-wavelength far ultraviolet and the longer-wavelength near ultraviolet, the boundary between the two lying at approximately 200 nm. Overlapping slightly with the far ultraviolet is the extreme ultraviolet waveband, spanning the range 10–100 nm. Space Exploration The light rays invisible to the human eye, of wavelengths from about 4 × 10^–4 to 5 × 10^–6 millimetres (where the X-ray range begins). Physiologically, they are important but also dangerous, causing the formation of vitamin D in the skin and producing sunburn in excess. Levels of ultraviolet radiation have risen by an average of 6.8% a decade in the northern hemisphere and 9.9% in the southern hemisphere 1972–96, according to data gathered by the total ozone mapping spectrometer on the Nimbus 7 satellite. By 2010, NASA announced that most of the increase (which continues at the aforementioned levels) has occurred in the mid- and-high latitudes, and there has been little or no increase in tropical regions. The primary culprit: decreasing levels of stratospheric ozone. In 2017 the World Health Organization noted that continued depletion of the ozone layer is likely to aggravate existing health effects caused by exposure to UV radiation. Computational models predict that a 10% decrease in stratospheric ozone could cause an additional 300 000 non-melanoma and 4 500 melanoma skin cancers and between 1.6 and 1.75 million more cases of cataracts worldwide every year. Chemistry Electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths between that of violet light and long X-rays, i.e. between 400 nanometres and 4 nm. In the range 400–300 nm the radiation is known as the near ultraviolet. In the range 300–200 nm it is known as the far ultraviolet. Below 200 nm it is known as the extreme ultraviolet or the vacuum ultraviolet, as absorption by the oxygen in the air makes the use of evacuated apparatus essential. The sun is a strong emitter of UV radiation but only the near UV reaches the surface of the earth as the ozone layer of the atmosphere absorbs all wavelengths below 290 nm. Ultraviolet radiation is classified in three ranges according to its effect on the skin. The ranges are: UV-A (320–400 nm); UV-B (290–320 nm); UV-C (230–290 nm). The longest-wavelength range, UV-A, is not harmful in normal doses and is used clinically in the treatment of certain skin complaints, such as psoriasis. It is also used to induce vitamin D formation in patients that are allergic to vitamin D preparations. UV-B causes reddening of the skin followed by pigmentation (tanning). Excessive exposure can cause severe blistering. UV-C, with the shortest wavelengths, is particularly damaging. It is thought that short-wavelength ultraviolet radiation causes skin cancer and that the risk of contracting this has been increased by the depletion of the ozone layer. Most UV radiation for practical use is produced by various types of mercury-vapour lamps. Ordinary glass absorbs UV radiation and therefore lenses and prisms for use in the UV are made from quartz. Chemical Engineering Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light. It lies just beyond the visible spectrum and has typical wavelengths in the order of 10⁻⁷ m. Electronics and Electrical Engineering Electromagnetic radiation lying between light and X-rays on the electromagnetic spectrum. Radiation of frequency close to that of light is near ultraviolet radiation; that at the high-frequency end of the range is far ultraviolet. Biology Electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths between that of violet light and long X-rays, i.e. between 400 nanometres and 4 nm. In the range 400–300 nm the radiation is known as the near ultraviolet. In the range 300–200 nm it is known as the far ultraviolet. Below 200 nm it is known as the extreme ultraviolet or the vacuum ultraviolet, as absorption by the oxygen in the air makes the use of evacuated apparatus essential. The sun is a strong emitter of UV radiation but only some reaches the surface of the earth. Ultraviolet radiation is classified in three ranges: UV-A (320–400 nm), UV-B (290–320 nm), and UV-C (230–290 nm). All UV-C and some UV-B radiation is absorbed by the ozone layer in the atmosphere, so that 95% of UV reaching the earth’s surface is UV-A. The shorter the wavelength, the more harmful but less penetrating to skin; however, all UV radiation is considered potentially harmful, causing burning, pigmentation (tanning), premature ageing of skin, and skin cancers. The risk of skin cancers has been increased by the depletion of the ozone layer. UV radiation is used clinically in the treatment of certain skin complaints, such as psoriasis. It is also used to induce vitamin D formation in patients who are allergic to vitamin D preparations. Most UV radiation for practical use is produced by various types of mercury-vapour lamps. Ordinary glass absorbs UV radiation and therefore lenses and prisms for use in the UV are made from quartz. Geology and Earth Sciences Electromagnetic radiation which has a wavelength between 0.5 nm and 400 nm, located between the visible and X-ray regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Near ultraviolet occurs at wavelengths between 400 nm and 300 nm, middle ultraviolet between 300 nm and 200 nm, and extreme ultraviolet between 200 nm and 150 nm.
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