A report, entitled North–South: A Programme for Survival (1980), by an international commission on the state of the world economy. Convened by the United Nations, it met from 1977 to 1979 under the chairmanship of Willy Brandt. It recommended urgent improvement in the trade relations between the rich Northern Hemisphere and poor Southern for the sake of both. Governments in the north were reluctant to accept the recommendations. Members of the commission therefore reconvened to produce a second report, Common Crisis North-South: Cooperation for World Recovery (1983), which perceived ‘far greater dangers than three years ago’, forecasting ‘conflict and catastrophe’ unless the imbalances in international finance could be solved.