the third husband of Mary, Queen of Scots. He was a supporter and adviser of Mary, while she was married to Darnley. In 1567 he was acquitted of Darnley’s murder but then his swift divorce, promotion to the dukedom of Orkney and Shetland, and marriage to Mary caused the Scottish lords to rise against him. He fled from Scotland after the Battle of Carberry Hill (June 1567), when Mary’s forces were defeated. He turned to piracy, but was captured in Norway, and died in a Danish prison.