An English rebellion, led by the earls of Westmorland and Northumberland. Protesting loyalty to Elizabeth I, the rebels aimed to remove “new men” like William Cecil from power, preserve the Catholic religion, and have Mary, Queen of Scots declared heir to the English throne. They ventured south and took Durham before government troops intervened and ended the rising. At the queen’s insistence, around 400 rank-and-file rebels were executed. Meanwhile a number of the leaders fled abroad or were allowed to buy themselves pardons.