who in 1894 began experimenting with Hertzian waves (see Hertz, Heinrich), making the first radio transmissions. Moving to London in 1896, for the next few years he worked on improving the range and reliability of his equipment. This enabled him in late 1901 to transmit Morse signals across the Atlantic Ocean, establishing radio telegraphy and more importantly the use of radio waves as a communications medium. In 1909 he and Karl Braun were awarded the Nobel Prize for physics.