A result in electromagnetism that states that the magnetic flux density B of a magnetic field produced by a current I in a long straight conductor is directly proportional to I and inversely proportional to the perpendicular distance r from the conductor. This law was discovered empirically in 1820 by the French physicists Jean Baptiste Biot (1774–1862) and Felix Savart (1791–1841). It can be derived from Ampère’s law.
The magnetic flux density, B, at a point distance r from a current-carrying conductor in free space when a current I flows in an element of length ds is given by
where μ0 is the permeability of free space (see diagram). Integration of the Biot–Savart law gives Ampere’s circuital theorem (see Ampere’s law).
Biot–Savart law
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