“time dilation”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

time dilation

Physics

The principle, predicted by Einstein’s special theory of relativity, that intervals of time are not absolute but are relative to the motion of the observers. If two identical clocks are synchronized and placed side by side in an inertial frame of reference they will read the same time for as long as they both remain side by side. However, if one of the clocks has a velocity relative to the other, which remains beside a stationary observer, the travelling clock will show, to that observer, that less time has elapsed than the stationary clock. In general, the travelling clock goes more slowly by a factor √(1 − v²/c²), when measured in a frame of reference travelling at a velocity v relative to another frame of reference; c is the speed of light. The principle has been verified in a number of ways; for example, by comparing the lifetimes of fast muons, which increase with the speed of the particles to an extent predicted by this factor.

Mathematics

In special relativity, if an observer O’ is travelling at speed v relative to an observer O, then two events on the timeline of O’ which are separated by time T (as measure by O’) will be measured by O as being $T / \sqrt{1 - v^{2} / c^{2}}$ apart. This is greater than T. Here c denotes the speed of light, so the difference will be small unless v is comparable with c. Somewhat counterintuitively, the same time dilation applies when O’ measures events on the timeline of O.

Astronomy

The slowing down of time that occurs at speeds approaching that of light, as predicted by the special theory of relativity. A clock moving relative to an observer will appear to slow down by a factor of √[1 − (v²/c²)], where v is the relative velocity and c the speed of light. At everyday speeds, as on Earth, the effect is not noticeable, but the slowing increases rapidly as v approaches c. Not just clocks but all processes slow down, so that an astronaut would appear to have aged far less during a high-speed flight than a person who remained on Earth.

单词	time dilation
释义	time dilation Physics The principle, predicted by Einstein’s special theory of relativity, that intervals of time are not absolute but are relative to the motion of the observers. If two identical clocks are synchronized and placed side by side in an inertial frame of reference they will read the same time for as long as they both remain side by side. However, if one of the clocks has a velocity relative to the other, which remains beside a stationary observer, the travelling clock will show, to that observer, that less time has elapsed than the stationary clock. In general, the travelling clock goes more slowly by a factor √(1 − v²/c²), when measured in a frame of reference travelling at a velocity v relative to another frame of reference; c is the speed of light. The principle has been verified in a number of ways; for example, by comparing the lifetimes of fast muons, which increase with the speed of the particles to an extent predicted by this factor. Mathematics In special relativity, if an observer O’ is travelling at speed v relative to an observer O, then two events on the timeline of O’ which are separated by time T (as measure by O’) will be measured by O as being $T / \sqrt{1 - v^{2} / c^{2}}$ apart. This is greater than T. Here c denotes the speed of light, so the difference will be small unless v is comparable with c. Somewhat counterintuitively, the same time dilation applies when O’ measures events on the timeline of O. Astronomy The slowing down of time that occurs at speeds approaching that of light, as predicted by the special theory of relativity. A clock moving relative to an observer will appear to slow down by a factor of √[1 − (v²/c²)], where v is the relative velocity and c the speed of light. At everyday speeds, as on Earth, the effect is not noticeable, but the slowing increases rapidly as v approaches c. Not just clocks but all processes slow down, so that an astronaut would appear to have aged far less during a high-speed flight than a person who remained on Earth.
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