A compound connection of two bipolar junction transistors that operates as if it were a single transistor with an extremely high forward-current transfer ratio. The input signal is applied to the base of transistor T1 and the emitter current supplies the input to transistor T2 (see diagram). In normal transistor operation
where α (the alpha current factor) is near unity; as a result the collector current IC1 is approximately equal to the emitter current IE1 and
β1 is the beta current gain factor and IB1 the base current. In transistor T2 the collector current IC2 is given by
If the transistors are matched, i.e.
the overall beta current gain of the combination is given by the square of the value for a single transistor.
Darlington pair
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