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单词 liberty
释义
liberty

Philosophy
  • While the protection of the liberties of the subject is one of the main aims (and boasts) of almost all constitutions, there is less consensus about what those liberties include, or when liberty (good) becomes licence (bad). The problem is to define a class of actions that lie outside the proper jurisdiction of law, i.e. those which one has a right to perform (see privacy (social), rights). The value of liberty is dependent upon that of rational self-legislation, or autonomy, in the Kantian tradition, and dependent upon the nature of the social context rather than on individual rights in collectivist political philosophies.


World History
  • An area or individual enjoying a special privilege of freedom from royal jurisdictions. Liberties of all kinds abounded in the Middle Ages: a ruler could grant privileges to people or places, and these would then be enforceable for ever, cutting across other laws and customs. In England the word “liberty” was usually taken to mean a territorial area held by some lay or ecclesiastical magnate; most of these liberties dated back to Anglo‐Saxon times. The greatest liberties were the palatinate franchises of the bishops of Durham and the dukes of Lancaster.


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