These were any of three re-usable pressurized modules used to transport cargo to and from the International Space Station (ISS).

The MPLMs were cylinders approximately 6.4 m long and 4.6 m in diameter. Each MPLM was carried in the space shuttle cargo bay and then docked to the ISS by the robotic arm of the shuttle or the ISS. After exchange of cargo, the MPLM was detached from the station and re-positioned in the shuttle's cargo bay for return to Earth. The three MPLMs were built by the Italian Space Agency in exchange for Italian access to research time on the ISS. They are named Leonardo, Raffaello, and Donatello after famous Italians of the past. Leonardo was the first to be launched, on shuttle mission STS-102 in March 2001. The Raffaello module launched in July 2011 and was the last ever payload of a NASA space shuttle. The Donatello module never launched.