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单词 apatite
释义
apatite

Chemistry
  • A complex mineral form of calcium phosphate, Ca5(PO4)3 (OH,F,Cl); the commonest of the phosphate minerals. It has a hexagonal structure and occurs widely as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks (e.g. pegmatite) and often in regional and contact metamorphic rocks, especially limestone. Large deposits occur in the Kola Peninsula, Russia. It is used in the production of fertilizers and is a major source of phosphorus. The enamel of teeth is composed chiefly of apatite.


Biology
  • A complex mineral form of the salt calcium phosphate, Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl), that is the main constituent of the enamel of teeth.


Geology and Earth Sciences
  • A widely distributed phosphate mineral, with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH); sp. gr. 3.1–3.3; hardness 5; hexagonal; usually a shade of green or grey-green, but may also be white, brown, yellow, bluish, or red; white streak; vitreous lustre; crystals commonly hexagonal prisms, and often tabular, also occurs massive, and granular; cleavage, basal {0001}, imperfect prismatic {1010}; found as an accessory mineral in igneous rock, in pegmatites and high-temperature hydrothermal veins, and in metamorphic rocks. It is the principal constituent of fossil bones (see also collophane). Apatite is widely used as a phosphate fertilizer, and for the production of phosphoric acid and various other chemicals.


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