“Io”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Astronomy

The third-largest satellite of Jupiter, diameter 3643 km, and the innermost of the four Galilean satellites; also known as Jupiter I. It orbits in 1.769 days at a distance of 421 800 km, keeping the same face turned towards Jupiter. Its geometric albedo is 0.6 and its opposition magnitude 5.0. The two Voyager spacecraft in 1979 revealed that Io has explosively erupting volcanoes which eject plumes of sulphur and sulphur dioxide over 300 km high, some of it landing up to 500 km from the eruption site. The sources of the eruptions are volcanic calderas or fissures, of which there are over 300. Huge lava flows radiate from many of the volcanoes, and the whole surface is yellowish in colour due to deposits of sulphur or sulphur oxides. There are extensive plains and mountainous regions on Io but no impact craters, indicating that its surface is geologically very young. Io’s density, 3.53g/cm³, suggests that it has an iron–sulphur core about 1500 km across and a silicate mantle. Io’s volcanic activity is the result of heat released by tidal forces, which deform the satellite as it moves alternately closer to and farther away from Jupiter in its orbit.
http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA01667

Space Exploration

The third-largest moon of the planet Jupiter, 3 643 km in diameter, orbiting in 1.77 days at a distance of 422 000 km. It is the most volcanically active body in the Solar System, covered by hundreds of vents that erupt sulphur (rather than lava), giving Io an orange-coloured surface. Io and Earth are the only two planetary bodies that are undergoing known high-temperature volcanism.
Data gathered by the spacecraft Galileo in 1996 indicated that Io has a large metallic core. The Galileo probe also detected a 10-megawatt beam of electrons flowing between Jupiter and Io.
In 1997, instruments aboard the spacecraft Galileo measured the temperature of Io's volcanoes and detected a minimum temperature of 1 800 K/1 500 °C (in comparison, Earth's hottest volcanoes only reach about 1 600 K/1 300°C).

Geology and Earth Sciences

One of the Galilean satellites and the most geologically (and especially volcanically) active body in the solar system, its volcanoes being due to heat generated by tidal heating and eruption temperatures reaching more than 1000 K. Io radiates more heat than it receives from the Sun. The Voyager spacecraft observed nine volcanic eruptions. It has a metallic core, rock mantle, and a rocky surface covered with sulphur and sulphur compounds, including sulphur dioxide frost. Io was discovered in 1610 by Simon Marius and Galileo. Its equatorial radius is 1821.3 km; mass 8.93 × 10²² kg; mean density 3530 kg/m³; visual albedo 0.61; mean distance from Jupiter 421 600 km; orbital period 1.769138 days; rotational period 1.769138 days; surface temperature about −143 °C, but with one volcanic feature with a temperature measured as 17°C.

单词	Io
释义	Io Astronomy The third-largest satellite of Jupiter, diameter 3643 km, and the innermost of the four Galilean satellites; also known as Jupiter I. It orbits in 1.769 days at a distance of 421 800 km, keeping the same face turned towards Jupiter. Its geometric albedo is 0.6 and its opposition magnitude 5.0. The two Voyager spacecraft in 1979 revealed that Io has explosively erupting volcanoes which eject plumes of sulphur and sulphur dioxide over 300 km high, some of it landing up to 500 km from the eruption site. The sources of the eruptions are volcanic calderas or fissures, of which there are over 300. Huge lava flows radiate from many of the volcanoes, and the whole surface is yellowish in colour due to deposits of sulphur or sulphur oxides. There are extensive plains and mountainous regions on Io but no impact craters, indicating that its surface is geologically very young. Io’s density, 3.53g/cm³, suggests that it has an iron–sulphur core about 1500 km across and a silicate mantle. Io’s volcanic activity is the result of heat released by tidal forces, which deform the satellite as it moves alternately closer to and farther away from Jupiter in its orbit. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA01667 Space Exploration The third-largest moon of the planet Jupiter, 3 643 km in diameter, orbiting in 1.77 days at a distance of 422 000 km. It is the most volcanically active body in the Solar System, covered by hundreds of vents that erupt sulphur (rather than lava), giving Io an orange-coloured surface. Io and Earth are the only two planetary bodies that are undergoing known high-temperature volcanism. Data gathered by the spacecraft Galileo in 1996 indicated that Io has a large metallic core. The Galileo probe also detected a 10-megawatt beam of electrons flowing between Jupiter and Io. In 1997, instruments aboard the spacecraft Galileo measured the temperature of Io's volcanoes and detected a minimum temperature of 1 800 K/1 500 °C (in comparison, Earth's hottest volcanoes only reach about 1 600 K/1 300°C). Geology and Earth Sciences One of the Galilean satellites and the most geologically (and especially volcanically) active body in the solar system, its volcanoes being due to heat generated by tidal heating and eruption temperatures reaching more than 1000 K. Io radiates more heat than it receives from the Sun. The Voyager spacecraft observed nine volcanic eruptions. It has a metallic core, rock mantle, and a rocky surface covered with sulphur and sulphur compounds, including sulphur dioxide frost. Io was discovered in 1610 by Simon Marius and Galileo. Its equatorial radius is 1821.3 km; mass 8.93 × 10²² kg; mean density 3530 kg/m³; visual albedo 0.61; mean distance from Jupiter 421 600 km; orbital period 1.769138 days; rotational period 1.769138 days; surface temperature about −143 °C, but with one volcanic feature with a temperature measured as 17°C.
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