Two Palestinian uprisings against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The first intifada lasted from 1987 to 1991 and was harshly repressed by Israel; however, it persuaded many people of the need for a political solution and contributed to secret Israeli–PLO negotiations. A framework for peace, the Declaration of Principles, was signed by the Israelis and Palestinians in 1993, but was not fully implemented. The second intifada began in 2000 in protest against the stalled peace process and continued Israeli occupation. Militant Palestinian suicide bombers targeted Israeli civilians, and the Israeli army reoccupied parts of the West Bank that had previously been relinquished. A ceasefire was established in 2005 following the death of Yasser Arafat, whom Israel held responsible for failing to curb the insurgents.