In a heartening review of the term, Smith et al. (2007) Geog. Compass 1, 3 declare that interdependence conveys a sense of relying on and being responsible for others. ‘Today we all gather here to declare our interdependence. Today we hold this truth to be self-evident: we are all in this together’ (Will Smith, Live8, 2005). With reference to economic interdependence, and in a study of German and Chinese interdependence, Dunford et al., Eur. Urb. & Regional Studs (2013) 20, 1, 14 find that economies are driven not mainly by supply-side but by a set of demand-side mechanisms, as recognized in Keynesian and Marxist as opposed to neoclassical models.