The study of ‘the role of communication in exerting and legitimating political and economic power at various scales; the influence of distance, space, and accessibility on communication technologies; the geography of messages and messengers’ (Thrift in R. J. Johnston 2000). The study of information and communication technologies (ICT) by geographers has evolved from a concentration on friction of distance and spatial organization toward a set of fout interrelated social approaches: ‘ICT as a set of contested terrains, ICT as a means of perception, ICT as a form of embodiment, and ICT as virtual places or spaces—distanciated social contexts’ (Adams and Ghose (2003) PHG 27, 4). Adams and Janssen (2012) Communication Theory 22, 3, 299 is helpful