“hold-up”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

hold-up

Chemical Engineering

The amount of material contained within a process vessel operating continuously. It is applied to liquids and solids such as materials contained within distillation columns and furnaces. Liquid hold-up is used in two-phase flow in which the liquid phase is retained in a system at any given time when the gas phase is moving faster than the liquid phase. No-slip hold-up is used for two-phase flow in which both liquid and gas phases are moving with the same velocity. The hold-up can be determined by measuring the gas fraction using capacitance probes, optical probes, electrical conductivity measurements, and devices based on x-ray or gamma ray attenuation.

Economics

A class of contracting problems in which the relative bargaining power between agents can be affected by actions. Consider two parties that can work together to mutual advantage provided that one of the agents first undertakes an investment. Before the investment is made the two agents are in a symmetric position. After one agent has made the investment the other is in an advantageous position: their bargaining power has increased since the agent that has made the investment has more to lose if no agreement is reached. As a consequence it is possible that neither agent will make the investment, and the potential gains from collaboration will not be realized.

单词	hold-up
释义	hold-up Chemical Engineering The amount of material contained within a process vessel operating continuously. It is applied to liquids and solids such as materials contained within distillation columns and furnaces. Liquid hold-up is used in two-phase flow in which the liquid phase is retained in a system at any given time when the gas phase is moving faster than the liquid phase. No-slip hold-up is used for two-phase flow in which both liquid and gas phases are moving with the same velocity. The hold-up can be determined by measuring the gas fraction using capacitance probes, optical probes, electrical conductivity measurements, and devices based on x-ray or gamma ray attenuation. Economics A class of contracting problems in which the relative bargaining power between agents can be affected by actions. Consider two parties that can work together to mutual advantage provided that one of the agents first undertakes an investment. Before the investment is made the two agents are in a symmetric position. After one agent has made the investment the other is in an advantageous position: their bargaining power has increased since the agent that has made the investment has more to lose if no agreement is reached. As a consequence it is possible that neither agent will make the investment, and the potential gains from collaboration will not be realized.
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