A reflecting telescope in which the primary mirror is tilted so that it focuses light to the top edge of the tube. The eyepiece is located at the top edge, looking down at the mirror. This design avoids light loss caused by a second reflection, which was particularly important when mirrors were made of speculum metal. But it results in astigmatism unless the focal ratio is large. The design was invented by F. W. Herschel but is now of historical interest only.