sister of F. W. Herschel, and the first woman astronomer to be widely recognized for her achievements. In 1772 she moved to England to become her brother’s housekeeper and assistant, helping to grind mirrors, recording his observations, and preparing his catalogues. In 1782 she began her own observations, and went on to discover eight comets and several nebulae. After her brother’s death in 1822, Caroline returned to Germany.