1. The amount of horizontal (lateral) displacement between two sides of a dip-slip fault, measured at right angles to the strike of the fault.

2. Lifting of earth due to frost (see frost heave test), overloading, swelling clay, etc.

3. Upwarp in the floor of a mine due to the floor being too weak to resist the forces resulting from the weight of the overlying rock on the adjacent, supporting pillars.